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Tyurina D.G., Laptev G.Yu., Yildirim E.A., Ilyina L.A., Filippova V.A., Brazhnik E.A., Tarlavin N.V., Kalitkina K.A., Ponomareva E.S., Dubrovin A.V., Novikova N.I., Akhmatchin D.A., Molotkov V.V., Melikidi V.Kh., Gorfunkel E.P.. Influence of antibiotics, glyphosate and a Bacillus sp. strain on productivity performance and gene expression in cross Ross 308 broiler chickens (Gallus gallus L.). Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2022, Vol. 57, № 6, p. 1147-1165.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2022.6.1147eng

UDC: 636.5.033:636.064.6:57.042:577.218

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 22-16-00128 “Investigation of the toxic effect of glyphosates on the functional state of the bird intestinal microbial community, their growth and development, and the development of a biological product based on the glyphosate degrading strain”

 

INFLUENCE OF ANTIBIOTICS, GLYPHOSATE AND A Bacillus sp. STRAIN ON PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE AND GENE EXPRESSION IN CROSS ROSS 308 BROILER CHICKENS (Gallus gallus L.)

D.G. Tyurina1, G.Yu. Laptev2, E.A. Yildirim1, 2, 3 ✉, L.A. Ilyina1, 2, 3,
V.A. Filippova1, 2, 3, E.A. Brazhnik1, N.V. Tarlavin1, 4, K.A. Kalitkina1, 3,
E.S. Ponomareva1, A.V. Dubrovin1, N.I. Novikova1, D.A. Akhmatchin1,
V.V. Molotkov1, V.Kh. Melikidi1, E.P. Gorfunkel1

1JSC Biotrof, 8, lit. A/7-Н, ul. Malinovskaya, St. Petersburg—Pushkin, 196602 Russia, e-mail tiurina@biotrof.ru, deniz@biotrof.ru (✉ corresponding author), ilina@biotrof.ru, filippova@biotrof.ruvetdoktor@biotrof.ru, kate@biotrof.ru, dubrovin@biotrof.ru, novikova@biotrof.ru,
da@biotrof.ru, molotkov@biotrof.ru, veronika@biotrof.ru, elena@biotrof.ru;
2JSC Biotrof+, 19, korp. 1, Zagrebskii bulv., St. Petersburg, 192284 Russia, e-mail georg-laptev@rambler.ru;
3Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2, Peterburgskoe sh., St. Petersburg—Pushkin, 196601 Russia, e-mail kseniya.k.a@biotrof.ru;
4Saint Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, 5, ul. Chernigovskaya, St. Petersburg, 196084 Russia, e-mail tarlav1995@bk.ru

ORCID:
Tyurina D.G. orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-2432
Ponomareva E.S. orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-8273
Laptev G.Yu. orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-6659
Dubrovin A.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-8424-4114
Yildirim E.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-4844
Novikova N.I. orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-4184
Ilyina L.A. orcid.org/0000-0003-2490-6942
Akhmatchin D.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-1753
Filippova V.A. orcid.org/0000-0001-8789-9837
Molotkov V.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-6226
Brazhnik E.A. orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-9330
Melikidi V.Kh. orcid.org/0000-0002-2883-3974
Tarlavin N.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-9171
Gorfunkel E.P. orcid.org/ 0000-0002-6843-8733
Kalitkina K.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-6839

Received August 5, 2022

The combination of antibiotics and pesticide residues can compromise the therapeutic and production benefits of antibiotics in the poultry industry. These effects may be reflected in changes of gene expression. The present work, for the first time, shows that the stimulation of poultry meat productivity with veterinary antibiotics enrofloxacin and colistin is probably associated with the induced expression of MYOG gene which is known to promote the development and differentiation of muscles, genes of antimicrobial (Gal9, Gal10) and antiviral (IRF7) protection, and pro-inflammatory genes IL6, IL8 and PTGS2. In addition, it was shown for the first time that glyphosate suppresses the expression of antimicrobial and antiviral genes in broilers of the Ross 308 cross. The aim of the study was to evaluate the change in the expression spectrum of key genes in broiler fed antibiotics, glyphosate and a biodestructor strain. The experiments were carried out on broilers of the Ross 308 cross from 1 to 35 days of age (the vivarium of BIOTROF+ LLC, 2022). The broilers were divided into 4 groups of 40 birds each. Group I (control) was fed a diet without additives, group II received a diet with the addition of veterinary antibiotics enrofloxacin and colistin; group III experienced dietary antibiotics and glyphosate; group IV received dietary antibiotics, glyphosate and a strain of the microorganism-biodestructor Bacillus sp. GL-8. Glyphosate content was measured by ELISA using a STAT FAX 303+ analyzer (Awareness Technology, LLC, USA) and a Glyphosate ELISA Microtiter Plate test system (Abraxis, USA). Reverse transcription quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate gene expression of the caecum and pectoral muscle tissues. Total RNA was isolated from samples using the Aurum™ Total RNA mini kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, USA). Specific primers were selected for immunity genes IL6 (interleukin 6), IL8 (interleukin 8), IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor7), PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase), AvBD9 (Gal9) (β-defensin 9), AvBD10 (Gal10) (β-биотро,bjnhdefensin 10). For productivity genes, LGF-I (insulin-like growth factor 1), MYOG (myogenin), MYOZ2 (myosenin) and GSTA3 associated with resistance to toxic and medicinal substances were tested. Amplification reactions were carried out using SsoAdvanced™ Universal SYBR® Green Supermix (Bio-Rad, USA) using a DTlight amplifier (DNA-Technology, Russia). The body weight of broilers was assessed at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age. Mathematical and statistical data processing was performed using multivariate analysis of variance in Microsoft Excel XP/2003, R-Studio (Version 1.1.453) (https://rstudio.com). The results showed a 4.8-23.3 %-stimulated productivity (p ≤ 0.05) of broilers from 14 days of life until the end of the experiment due to dietary antibiotics (group II vs. group I). At the end of the experiment, a negative effect of glyphosate on broiler productivity occurred (group III vs. group II, p ≤ 0.05). In broilers of groups II and IV, the expression of MYOG gene was 2.0 and 2.1 times higher than in group I (p ≤ 0.05). In the group fed glyphosate combined with antibiotics without a biodestructor strain added (group III), no activation of the MYOG gene expression occurred compared to group I (р ˃ 0.05), which indicates a negative effect of glyphosate on the expression of productivity genes. Glyphosate (group III) also acted as a suppressor of the antimicrobial and antiviral genes Gal9, Gal10 and IRF7 as compared to group II (p ≤ 0.05). The dietary biodestructor strain co-fed with glyphosate and antibiotics (group IV) provided an increase in Gal9 expression compared to group III (p ≤ 0.05). There was a tendency for a sharp increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL6, IL8 and PTGS2 (by 4.6, 11.2 and 6.6 times, respectively) in group II fed antibiotics vs. control group I (p ≤ 0.05). Our findings once again confirms the effect of antibiotics on immune processes. For GSTA3 gene associated with resistance to toxic and medicinal substances, it was shown that the introduction of antibiotics into feeds had some stimulating effect on the level of GSTA3 gene expression in the caeca tissues of broilers (group II vs. group I, p ≤ 0.05). Thus, the mechanism providing positive effects of antibiotics on productivity performance is probably partly due to the fact that they act as inducers of a set of important genes. Glyphosates fed in an amount corresponding to 1MPC reduced the stimulating effect of antibiotics. Glyphosates act, among other things, through the disruption of the activity of some key bird genes. The positive dynamics of the expression of various genes, including those involved in antimicrobial and antiviral defense, under the action of a biodestructor strain indicates the prospects for using probiotics as a means of smoothing out physiological imbalances caused by drugs and food contamination with toxic substances.

Keywords: mycotoxins, antibiotic, glyphosate, broilers, gene expression.

 

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