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Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2019, Vol. 54, № 6, p. 1122-1134.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2019.6.1122eng

UDC: 636:591.1:612.34

Acknowledgements:
The equipment of the Sharing Center for Farm Animal Bioresources and Bioengineering (FSC for Animal Husbandry) was used.
Supported financially by Russian Science Foundation, project No. 19-76-20012

 

THE ADAPTATION OF PANCREATIC SECRETION AND METABOLISM IN ANIMALS WITH DIFFERENT DIGESTION TYPE TO CHANGES IN DIETARY PROTEIN INGREDIENTS

V.I. Fisinin1, V.G. Vertiprakhov1, E.L. Kharitonov2, A.A. Grozina1

1Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute RAS, 10, ul. Ptitsegradskaya, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Province, 141311 Russia, e-mail Vertiprakhov63@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), olga@vnitip.ru, Alena_fisinina@mail.ru;
2All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Nutrition — Branch  of Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, pos. Institut, Borovsk, 249013 Russia, e-mail evgenijkharito@yandex.ru

ORCID:
Fisinin V.I. orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-6336
Kharitonov E.L. orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-7710
Vertiprakhov V.G. orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-7636
Grozina A.A. orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-7710

Received September 19, 2019

 

The adaptation of the pancreas to diet composition is still a matter of discussion. The methodical difficulties related to the sampling of pure pancreatic juice resulted in the scarce and discrepant published data on the alterations of exocrine pancreatic secretion in response to changes in diet composition (A.D. Sineshchekov, 1965; P.P. Berdnikov, 1990; Ts.Zh. Batoev, 2001; A. Huget et al., 2006; V.I. Fisinin et al., 2017; K. Liu et al., 2018); the effects of individual dietary ingredients on the pancreatic secretion were not scrutinized to date. We present a comparative study on the alterations of exocrine pancreatic function in response to the change in dietary protein source (substitution of sunflower cake for soybean cake or meal) with the use of similar methodology for animals with different digestion type; this approach can reveal both specific and common patterns in the respective adaptive reactions. The study was performed on 18 laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.; cross Hisex White) at 10-12 months of age including 3 hens with chronic fistulae of main pancreatic duct inserted according to the method of Ts.Zh. Batoev (2001), and on 9 piglets (Sus scrofa domesticus L.; hybrid of Danish Landrace and Danish Yorkshire breeds) at 5 months of age and 45-55 kg of live bodyweight including 3 intact piglets, 3 piglets with cannulated pancreatic duct, and 3 piglets with ileal cannulae. It was found that the most responsive enzymatic activity in chicken is lipase: in hens fed diet with sunflower cake the basal (preprandial) level of lipase activity was significantly higher by 37.7 % in compare to diet with soybean meal, postprandial lipase activity in 90 min after feeding higher by 46.6 %; in 150 min after feeding higher by 93.7 % (p < 0.05). The shift from soybean meal to sunflower cake resulted in the significant increase in crude fat digestibility by 3.5 % (p < 0.05). This shift was also found to increase the postprandial protease activity though similar response of crude protein digestibility was not found. To the contrary, the same shift in diet composition in pigs resulted in the significant decrease in postprandial protease activity by 43.8 % (p < 0.05); no alterations were found in the digestibility of crude protein probably due to the presence of trypsin inhibitor(s) in soybean meal. Regardless of the similar total volumes of pancreatic juice secreted in pigs during the sampling period with different dietary protein sources the dynamics of the postprandial pancreatic secretion substantially differed with these sources both in the complex-reflex and neurohumoral regulative phases. The exocrine pancreatic function in chicken was considerably more strenuous in compare to pigs: the relative (per 1 kg of live bodyweight) volume of pancreatic juice secreted in chicken was 2.2-fold higher, total amylase activity secreted was 94-fold higher, protease activity 145-fold higher, lipase activity 17-fold higher in compare to pigs. The tryptic activity in blood serum in chicken was 7-fold higher in compare to pigs evidencing higher metabolic intensity. Therefore, when changing the dietary ingredients the functional peculiarities of the adaptation of pancreatic secretion to these shifts in the productive animals with different digestion type should be taken into account since exocrine pancreatic function and feed digestibility are correlated and can, in turn, jointly affect the productive performance.

Keywords: pancreas, exocrine pancreatic function, chicken, pigs, activities of digestive enzymes in blood serum.

 

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