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Dymkov A.B., Fisinin V.I. Differentiation of quail (Coturnix japonica) breeds based on the morphological parameters of eggs. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2022, Vol. 57, № 4, p. 694-705.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2022.4.694eng

UDC: 636.5:636.082.13:591.465.11

 

DIFFERENTIATION OF QUAIL (Coturnix japonica) BREEDS BASED ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF EGGS

A.B. Dymkov 1 ✉, V.I. Fisinin2

1Siberian Research Institute of Poultry — a Branch of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, 1, ul. 60 let Pobedy, Morozovka, Omsky District, Omsk Province, 644555 Russia, e-mail selec@sibniip.ru (✉ corresponding author);
2Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute RAS, 10, ul. Ptitsegradskaya, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Province, 141311 Russia, e-mail fisinin@land.ru

ORCID:
Dymkov A.B. orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-4291
Fisinin V.I. orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-6336

Received March 17, 2022

For quail breeding in Russia, a variety of populations is characteristic in which the pedigree of individuals is often unknown. Advanced breeding with quails (Coturnix japonica) requires identification of breeds, including the common origin. Egg weight is a mandatory descriptive attribute when testing poultry breeds and lines for distinctness, uniformity and stability. This paper is the first to provide data for quail breeds’ differentiation by egg morphological parameters and estimates the influence of the quail breed on the parameters under consideration. The work aimed to study if it is possible to discriminate quail breeds by origin based on the morphological characteristics of eggs. Eggs were collected in the breeding herds of Japanese quail (n = 240), Omsk quail (n = 720), Pharaoh (n = 720), and Texas white quail (n = 360) of 238-242 days of age (SibNIIP — Branch of the Omsk ASC, Omsk). Three successively laid eggs were taken from each laying hen. Morphological parameters of eggs included large diameter (mm), small diameter (mm), egg weight (g), absolute weight of shell (g), yolk (g), and albumen with fractionation (g), albumen height (mm), yolk height (mm), shell thickness (µm) at the sharp pole, at the equator and at the blunt pole. All parameters were assessed according to the “Methodology for anatomical cutting of carcasses and organoleptic assessment of the quality of meat and eggs” (Sergiev Posad, 2013). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.23 software. Breed affiliation was considered as a factor influencing the egg morphological composition. The strength of the influence of the breed (η2) was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). As breeds deviated towards meat productivity, the weight of an egg and its components increased. Purposeful selection of Japanese, Omsk, Pharaoh and Texas White quails for economically useful traits led to their significant differences in egg weight (η2 = 0.723; p < 0.001). Quail egg weigh depended largely on albumen mass (r = 0.897-0.911; p < 0.01). Distinctiveness of egg weight as a breed trait is due to breed differences in a set of morphological characteristics. These are the weight of the outer liquid layer of the albumen (η2 = 0.642; p < 0.001) and outer dense layer of the albumen (η2 = 0.796; p < 0.001); the height of the dense layer albumen (η2 = 0.627; p < 0.001); large and small diameters (η2 = 0.776 and η2 = 0.852, respectively; p < 0.001). Breed clustering based on the morphological parameters of the eggs, corresponds to the similarity of genotypes. Our findings allow us to suggest the morphological analysis of eggs as a methodology to preliminarily discriminate the relatedness of quail breeds.

Keywords: Coturnix japonica, quail, egg morphological characteristics, analysis of variance, breed influence, degree of relationship.

 

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