doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.4.673eng
UDC 636.018:573.22
INTERRELATION OF NERVOUS, IMMUNE, ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS
AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE REGULATION OF ANIMAL
RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY
(review)
V.A. Galochkin, K.S. Ostrenko, V.P. Galochkina, L.M. Fedorova
All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Nutrition — Branch of Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, pos. Institut, Borovsk, 249013 Russia, e-mail bifip@kaluga.ru (✉ corresponding author V.A. Galochkin), ostrenkoks@gmail.com
ORCID:
Galochkin V.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-5075-3647
Galochkina V.P. orcid.org/0000-0002-3121-7339
Ostrenko K.S. orcid.org/0000-0003-2235-1701
Fedorova L.M. orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-3050
The authors declare no conflict of interests
Received May 3, 2016
Commercial livestock husbandry causes severe stress among animals resulting in up to 80 % emergence of secondary immunodeficiency. This review is an attempt to comprehensively analyze multiple interconnections between immune, neuroendocrine systems, together with nutrition, as essential factors for animal metabolism regulation, wellness, health, performance and productivity. Secretion of stress hormones and the degree of inhibition of the immune response depend on the type of animal’s nervous system. Poor nutrition has a negative effect on the expression of immune response including humoral and cellular immunity synthesis of cytokine and plasma immunoreceptors (V.I. Fisinin et al., 2013; V.A. Galochkin et al., 2013; Y. Zhang et al., 2014; J.D. Ashwell et al., 2000; S. Cunningham-Rundles et al., 2005; V. Abhyankar et al., 2018; A. Haghikia et al., 2015; R.H. Oakley et al., 2013). Due to this relationship, immune, nervous and endocrine systems form virtual functionally integrated single super-system of immunobiological surveillance. Its purpose is to maintain body viability, efficiency and resistance to any physical, chemical, biological agents and psychosocial factors that can cause adverse effects or pathological conditions. The total body resistance reflects the combined effects of specific and nonspecific factors of innate and adaptive immune responses together with activity of a number of intracellular systems, including antioxidant-prooxidant system, monooxygenase, peroxisomal system (V.I. Lushchak, 2014; N. Sinha et al., 2015; V.A. Galochkin et al., 2015), which are together responsible not only for the neutralization of xenobiotics and endogenous toxins, but for the monitoring of homeostasis. Evolution of conceptual views on the immune system has developed into understanding of its function not only as a “shield and sword of the organism”. In-deep look in immune function and mechanisms is unthinkable without examining immune system as a regulatory component of a single triad with the nervous and endocrine systems.
Keywords: productive animals, the immune system, nervous, endocrine regulation, nonspecific resistance, health, productivity.
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