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Rizhiya E.Ya., Boitsova L.V., Vertebniy V.E., Horak J., Moskvin M.A., Dubovitskaya V.I., Khomyakov Yu.V. Effect of biochar application on variability of the polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activity of sod-podzolic soil under low andhighfertility. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2022, Vol. 57, № 3, p. 476-485.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2022.3.476eng

UDC: 631.4/.6:631.95:57.042

 

EFFECT OF BIOCHAR APPLICATION ON VARIABILITY OF THE POLYPHENOLOXIDASE AND PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL UNDER LOW AND HIGH FERTILITY

E.Ya. Rizhiya1 ✉, L.V. Boitsova1, V.E. Vertebniy1, J. Horak2, M.A. Moskvin1, V.I. Dubovitskaya1, Yu.V. Khomyakov1

1Agrophysical Research Institute, 14, Grazhdanskii prosp., St. Petersburg, 195220 Russia, e-mail alenarizh@yahoo.com (✉ corresponding author), larisa30.05@mail.ru, verteb22@mail.ru, voron27_88@mail.ru, vikot85@mail.ru, himlabafi@yandex.ru;
2Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Hospodárska 7, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia, e-mail jan.horak@uniag.sk

ORCID:
Rizhiya E.Ya. orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-867X
Moskvin M.A. orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-7022
Boitsova L.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-3918
Dubovitskaya V.I. orcid.org/0000-0003-2410-5547
Vertebniy V.E. orcid.org/0000-0002-2936-5949
Khomyakov Yu.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-3247
Horak J. orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9083

Received February 17, 2022

Biochars are considered as an attractive tool in agriculture for carbon sequestration and improvement of soil functions. Biochar addition to soils can raise the pH, increase the organic carbon content, enhance nutrient retention, and increase microbial biomass. The introduction of biochar to different soils is an irreversible action. After entering the soil environment, the so called “aging” of biochar begins, due to the water-physical processes occurring in the soil, e.g., moistening, drying, freezing and thawing. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the directions of various changes occurring in the soil when using this ameliorant. The two-year field experiment to study the effect of biochar on the dynamics of some soil enzymes during of biochar aging was performed with the aim to reveal mechanisms of interaction between soil and biochar and to justify the sensitiveness of enzymes on a biochar amendment to the soil. The studied loamy sand Spodosol soil had medium and high soil quality. The experimental design included the soil (control) and the soil with 20 t/ha biochar introduced in the top arable layer (0-10 cm) of 4 m2 plots in 3 replicates. The impact of birch (Betula spp.) biochar produced by fast pyrolysis at 600 °C was studied. Chemical characteristics of the biochar were as follows: Corg. — 88.9 %, Ntot. — 0.43 %, H — 3.2%, O — 5.1 %, pHН2О 8.3, water content — 3.1 %, ash content — 1.8 %. In 2019, a seed mixture of oat (Avеna satíva L.) cv. Borrus and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) L’govskii cv. was cultivated on the plots at the rate of 200 kg/ha (or 85 g per 4 m2). In 2020, white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) cv. Dega was cultivated as green manure for winter wheat at the rate of 200 kg/ha. Soil and biochar samples were collected from a 0-10 cm layer of the humus horizon in May to August (at 14-day intervals) with an Endelman soil drill (Royal Eijkelkamp B.V., the Netherlands). The activity of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenoloxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) was assessed by the photocolorimetric method (l = 440 nm and l = 590 nm, respectively), and the assessment of temporal changes in the oxidation of the surface of biochar was studied by IR spectrometry (an FSM 2202 Michelson spectrometer, Infraspek, Russia). The biochar was found to increase the activity of the studied enzymes, on average by 12-13 %, as compared to the activity in soils without biochar. The peroxidase activity was on average 1.5 times higher than that of the polyphenoloxidase and significantly (p < 0.05) depended on the degree of soil quality. The ratio of polyphenoloxidase to peroxidase in the soil with medium soil quality was approximately 20 % lower than in the soil with high soil quality, where the conditions (temperature, humidity, amount of organic matter) were optimal for humus synthesis. It was found that all treatments showed the soil humification factor less than 1, which indicates the predominance of the processes of mineralization of humic substances in the soil over their immobilization. The biochar increased the mineralization of organic matter by 11.5 % compared to soils without biochar. Over the two-year experiment, IR spectroscopy revealed a tendency to an increase in the amount of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxylate groups compared to the initial biochar, which is consistent with the data on the increase in the activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase. Our findings confirm that biochar introduced into the loamy sand Spodosol remained stable during two years and did not significantly affect the enzymatic activity of soils.

Keywords: soddy-podzolic sandy loam soil, biochar, peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7, polyphenol oxidase, EC 1.10.3.1, IR spectra of biochar.

 

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