Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2018, Vol. 53, ¹ 3, p. 598-604.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.3.598eng

UDC 634.11:57.045:581.1:631.82

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by grant ¹ 13-04-96-581ð_þã_à

 

DYNAMIC OF PROLINE, PIGMENT CONTENTS, WATER FRACTIONS
IN APPLE (Malus domestica Borkh.) FOLIAGE UNDER TEMPERATURE
DROUGHT STRESS AND PROTECTION MEASURES

N.I. Nenko, N.N. Sergeeva, G.K. Kiseleva, Yu.I. Sergeev,
E.K. Yablonskaya, Yu.F. Yakuba

North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, 39, ul. im. 40-letiya Pobedy, Krasnodar, 350901 Russia,
e-mail  nenko.nataliya@yandex.ru (✉ corresponding author), kubansad@kubannet.ru 

ORCID:
Nenko N.I. orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-3363
Sergeeva N.N. orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-9892
Kiseleva G.K. orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-1261
Sergeev Yu.I. orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-2384
Yablonskaya E.K. orcid.org/0000-0003-1043-5879
Yakuba Yu.F. orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-2419

Received July 27, 2015

 

The hydrothermal factors and the high summer solar radiation in the South of Russia actualize the experimental studies and search for objective expressly determined quantitative indicators to evaluate functional state of fruit plants and their seasonal variability in agrocenoses. The main purpose of this work was to confirm the hypothesis of the possibility to use the amino acid proline content as a criterion for rapid assessing effects of abiotic stress intensity (soil and air drought, intensity of solar radiation) on perennial fruit plants in agrocenosis. On the example of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) varieties Prikubanskoe and Aidared we identified the regulatory functions of special fertilizers in combination with growth regulator Novosil to improve adaptive properties of the apple trees. For the rapid determination of the free amino acid proline content in apple leaves we used capillary electrophoresis  in the Kapel 103P device (Lumeks, Russia). To analyze tolerance of the apple trees against the summer period stressors, we used the weight method, determined the content of free and bound water in leaves, and also assessed content of chlorophyll (a + b) and carotenoids in leaves using a UNICO 2800 spectrophotometer (United Products & Instruments, USA). In the course of 4 year-studying (2009-2012) from May to August, it was shown that the leaf level of bound water increased while free forms of water declined. The leaf treatment with fertilizers together with growth regulator Novosil led to an increase in the content of the bound water in the leaves as compared to the control, which indicates an increase in the resistance of the apple tree to stress factors of the summer time. In July and August, at maximum adverse hydrothermal factors, the free proline content in the shoot leaves of apple plants became higher compared to the values under normal environmental conditions (decade III of May). Proline contents annually increased 1.4-2.9 times in July compared to May which is due to a lack of moisture, extremely high air temperatures and excessive insolation. Our data showed that the use of aqueous solutions of special fertilizers in combination with the growth regulator Novosil contributed to a decrease in the proline amount in apple leaves in July and August as compared to the control and led to an increase in plant resistance to stressors of the summer period, that is also consistent with the dynamics of the bound water we found. The conducted researches attest the possibility of using expressly estimated free proline content in apple shoots leaves as an important criterion for assessing resistance to drought and anthropogenic factors in perennial fruit plants in commercial orchards.

Keywords: Malus domestica Borkh., apple, environmental stress factors, the dynamics of proline content, pigments, fertilizer, growth regulator, adaptation.

 

Full article (Rus)

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