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Vishnyakova M.A., Yavorskaya T.A., Shaukharov R.A., Kocherina N.V., Dzyubenko E.A., Filipenko G.I. Comparative assessment of the sowing qualities of guar Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub seeds grown under irrigation and artificial drought in the Lower Volga region. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2025, Vol. 60, № 5, p. 875-886.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2025.5.875eng

UDC: 635.65:633.37:631.52:631.53.01

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially form the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 23-16-00195 of May 15, 2023

 

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE SOWING QUALITIES OF GUAR Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub SEEDS GROWN UNDER IRRIGATION AND ARTIFICIAL DROUGHT IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

M.A. Vishnyakova1 ✉, T.A. Yavorskaya1, R.A. Shaukharov1, 2, N.V. Kocherina1, E.A. Dzyubenko1, G.I. Filipenko1

1Federal Research Center Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 42-44, ul. Bol’shaya Morskaya, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia, e-mail m.vishnyakova.vir@gmail.com (✉ corresponding author), t.yavorskaya@vir.nw.ru,  romanshauharov@mail.ru,  e.dzyubenko@vir.nw.ru,  alle007@mail.ru,  g.filipenko@vir.nw.ru
2Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Volgograd Experiment Station, 30, mkr. Opytnoi stantsii VIR, Krasnoslobodsk, Volgograd Province, 404160 Russia

ORCID:
Vishnyakova M.A. orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-7745
Dzyubenko E.A. orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-1527
Yavorskaya T.A. orcid.org/0009-0000-6748-4861
Kocherina N.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-1899
Shaukharov R.A. orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-104X
Filipenko G.I. orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-1518

Final revision received July 18, 2025
Accepted August 29, 2025

The study of various aspects of the biology of the cultivated legume guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub), an alien crop for a number of southern regions of the Russian Federation, is needed to optimize the placement of the crop in the appropriate agricultural enviroment. Since the early 2010s, when guar was introduced in the Russian Federation, domestic breeders have created more than a dozen varieties. Seed production is necessary, and its main goal is to obtain seeds with high germination rate. Studying the impact of stressful growing conditions, particularly drought, on seed quality is of significant practical interest. Water stress is considered the most important cause of reduced legume yields worldwide. The negative impact of drought is reflected in reduced germination and vigor of seeds, as well as a decrease in their nutritional value. In this work, for the first time, the effect of drought on the sowing qualities of guar seeds was analyzed with special attention to the accessions that exhibit contrasting responses to drought: drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive accessions, as well as accessions that are neutral to the water supply regime. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of drought on the sowing qualities of freshly reproduced guar seeds and those that simulate long-term storage (subjected to accelerated aging), as well as to reveal possible differences in the sowing qualities of accessions that respond differently to water supply—those that are drought-tolerant, drought-sensitive, and drought-neutral. The material consisted of 12 guar accessions from the VIR collection, grown at the Volgograd experimental station VIR under irrigation and artificial drought conditions created by stopping irrigation at the stage of formation of the last pod in the first cluster (at the end of June) (the "growing regime" parameter). In a field experiment conducted in 2023-2024, the studied accessions were differentiated into three groups with respect to water supply: tolerant, drought-sensitive, and neutral (the "accession status" parameter). Four accessions from each group were included in the current experiment, conducted at the VIR Plant Genetic Resources Long-Term Storage Laboratory (St. Petersburg) in 2025. Accelerated seed aging was achieved by placing the seeds on a mesh in a desiccator over a saturated sodium chloride solution (75 % relative humidity) and incubating them in a thermostat at 40 °C. Two experiments were conducted. In the first, incubation in the thermostat was carried out for 5 days, in the second — for 10 days (the "seed age" parameter). Seeds were equalized in moisture content by placing them in a desiccator on a mesh over a saturated calcium chloride solution (35 % relative humidity) in a thermostat at 20 °C for 5 days. Guar seed germination was analyzed before and after accelerated aging by germination in filter paper rolls in a thermostat in the dark at 30 °C during the day and 20 °C at night. Germination energy was calculated on the 3rd day. On the 7th day, the germination rate was calculated—the total number of normally germinated seeds. A comparative analysis of the sowing qualities of seeds collected from guar plants grown under systematic irrigation and artificial drought in the Volgograd region revealed heterogeneity among the accessions for the analyzed traits and demonstrated that the growing regime significantly influenced laboratory seed germination. Variability in germination energy and seed germination was significantly affected by a parameter we conventionally termed “seed age” (p = 0.000 and p = 0.020, respectively), while the “accession status” significantly influenced the variability in seed germination (p = 0.003). The highest germination rates were demonstrated by seeds from drought-tolerant accessions grown under both irrigation and drought, and by those subjected to accelerated aging and those not subjected. Thus, the genetic predisposition of genotypes to drought played a key role in maintaining the sowing qualities of seeds grown under drought conditions. This demonstrates the ability of tolerant genotypes to adapt to stressful conditions by mobilizing drought defense mechanisms that optimize resource use and direct them toward the formation of high-quality seeds.

Keywords: guar, seeds, sowing qualities, artificial aging, drought stress.

 

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