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Toshtemiro J.G., Buxorov G.X., Karimov B.A., Baysunov B.X., Dumacheva E.V., Ortikov E.A., Urakova Sh.S.,Yusupov Z.O. Cytological study of some Fritillaria species of the flora of Uzbekistan. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2025, Vol. 60, № 5, p. 840-851.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2025.5.840eng

UDC: 635.9:575

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by assessment of climate change adaptation in endangered plant species of Uzbekistan: A DNA barcoding approach AL-9224104464, and The modernization of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Grant No. PRIM 01-73, funded under the MUNIS Project, supported by the World Bank and the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan

 

CYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME Fritillaria SPECIES OF THE FLORA OF UZBEKISTAN

J.G. Toshtemirov1, 2, G.X. Buxorov3, 4, B.A. Karimov1,
B.X. Baysunov3, E.V. Dumacheva2, E.A. Ortikov5,
Sh.S. Urakova6, Z.O. Yusupov1 ✉

1Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125 Uzbekistan, e-mail ziyo-nur87@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), toshtemirovjorabek8@gmail.com, karimovbobur99@mail.ru;
2Belgorod State National Research University, 85, ul. Pobedy, Belgorod, 308015 Russia, e-mail dumacheva63@mail.ru;
3Karshi State University, Karshi, 180119 Uzbekistan, e-mail buhorovg@gmail.com, b_baysunov@mail.ru
4Turan University, 1/14, Nasaf Street, Karshi, Kashkadarya Region, 180111 Uzbekistan;
5Turan International University, 10D, G. Mamarasulov Str., Namangan, Namangan Region, 160100 Uzbekistan, e-mail Sabirli.87.1@gmail.com;
6Termez State Pedagogical University, 1A, At-Termiziy Str., Termez, 191204 Uzbekistan, e-mail sharofatxonoroqova@gmail.com

ORCID:
Toshtemirov J.G. orcid.org/0009-0003-8303-6075
Buxorov G.X. orcid.org/0009-0000-7540-9896
Karimov B.A. orcid.org/0009-0005-5874-1033
Baysunov B.X. orcid.org/0009-0003-9694-4355
Dumacheva E.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-5338
Ortikov E.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-3273
Urakova Sh.S. orcid.org/0009-0000-3044-5615
Yusupov Z.O. orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-542X

Final revision received August 19, 2024
Accepted October 07, 2024

Fritillaria L. is a genus of geophytic perennial plants distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Some species of Fritillaria are used in traditional Chinese medicine and horticulture. Cytogenetic studies provide insights into evolutionary relationships and domestication pathways. The present report is the first account of chromosome morphology in Fritillaria species from Uzbekistan. This study investigated the chromosome morphology of four Fritillaria species — F. bucharica, F. baisunensis, F. eduardii, and F. sewerzowii. All species exhibited a constant diploid chromosome number of 2n = 24. Based on the position of the centromere, four chromosome types were identified (m = metacentric, sm = submetacentric, st = subtelocentric, t = telocentric). In F. bucharica and F. baisunensis, three types (m, st, t) were found, whereas F. eduardii and F. sewerzowii showed all four types (m, sm, st, t). Total haploid chromosome length and other karyotypic parameters were measured and compared across species. Comparative analysis revealed that the most symmetrical karyotype was observed in F. eduardii, which is supported by its minimal coefficient of chromosome length variation (CVCL = 19.56±0.79), asymmetry index (AI = 29.88±1.54), and Stebbins classification as 1A. The remaining species — F. bucharica, F. baisunensis, and F. sewerzowii — were classified as 1B, indicating a higher degree of asymmetry. The highest values of AI (42.45±1.44) and interchromosomal variation coefficient (A2 = 0.27±0.02) were recorded in F. baisunensis. The total haploid chromosome length (HCL) ranged from 163.27±7.37 in F. sewerzowii to 177.48±5.78 in F. bucharica. These results provide new cytogenetic data that enhance understanding of karyotypic diversity and evolution within the genus Fritillaria. For the first time, high-resolution chromosome images have been obtained for F. bucharica, F. baisunensis, F. eduardii, and F. sewerzowii growing in Uzbekistan using advanced microscopic equipment, allowing precise measurement of chromosome morphological parameters. The data presented include full diploid counts (2n = 24), chromosome types based on centromere position (m, sm, st, t), as well as detailed karyotypic indices — AI, A1, A2, CVCL, CVCI, and others. The revealed differences in karyotype symmetry among species reflect varying degrees of chromosomal differentiation and may be interpreted as manifestations of directional evolution within the genus Fritillaria. For instance, the more symmetrical karyotype of F. eduardii (Stebbins 1A) may indicate a basal evolutionary position of this species, whereas the increased asymmetry observed in F. baisunensis and F. sewerzowii (Stebbins 1B) suggests a more advanced evolutionary status. Thus, this study broadens our understanding of karyotypic evolution and intrageneric diversity in Fritillaria.

Keywords: Fritillaria L., chromosome, karyotype analysis.

 

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