doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2024.3.525eng
UDC: 633.1:58.04:58.085
MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN CALLI OF VARIOUS WINTER TRITICALE (× Triticosecale Wittmack) VARIETIES UNDER SALINIZATION
N.A. Lagmetova1 ✉, Z.M. Alieva1, K.U. Kurkiev2,
M.Kh. Gadjimagomedova2
1Dagestan State University, 43а, ul. Magometa Gadzhieva, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000 Russia, e-mail nadira.xabieva@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), zalieva@mail.ru;
2Dagestan Experimental Station — Branch of the Federal Research Center Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, s. Vavilovo, Derbent District, Republic of Dagestan, 368600 Russia, e-mail kkish@mail.ru, mina.khanmirzaevna@bk.ru
ORCID:
Lagmetova N.A. orcid.org/0009-0001-1427-4665
Kurkiev K.U. orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-6183
Alieva Z.M. orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-7399
Gadjimagomedova M.Kh. orcid.org/0009-0000-7218-3473
Final revision received November 14, 2023
Accepted March 28, 2024
Studies of the salt resistance of × Triticosecale Wittmack and the identification of optimal cultivars in this regard are relevant due to the widespread saline soils in the areas where this crop is grown. Biotechnological methods attract attention among the methods for assessing salt resistance, however, they have practically not been developed for triticale, and the varietal specificity of its response to salinity in vitro has not been sufficiently studied. This work for the first time submits data on the dependence of callus formation, crude and dry biomass, the accumulation of proline in callus tissues and the intensity of lipid peroxidation on the 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % NaCl in the nutrient medium. In addition, we revealed the varietal specific changes in these indicators under salinization in winter triticale samples. The aim of the work was to study the effect of different levels of NaCl salinity on morphophysiological and biochemical changes in in vitro calluses of five winter triticale varieties. Mature embryos of grain samples of winter triticale Triskell, Sotnik, PRAG530l-1934, Timbo and Almaz (the collection of the Dagestan Experimental Station, a branch of the FRC Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources) were used. To initiate in vitro culture, grains were sequentially sterilized for 30 s in 96 % ethanol and 20 min in the commercial preparation Belizna, and then washed 3 times for 5 min with sterile distilled water. The embryos isolated from grains were placed with a cut down on a nutrient medium to form a callus. Four variants of the Murashige-Skuga nutrient medium (MS) differed in NaCl concentration were MS added with 2,5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0,5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (MS1, control); MS + 2,4-D + BAP + 0.5 % NaCl (MS2); MS + 2,4-D + BAP + 0.75 % NaCl (MS3); MS + 2,4-D + BAP + 1 % NaCl (MS4). Mature embryos were cultures on nutrient media for 30 days in a climatic chamber (MLR-352H, Sanyo, Japan, a 16-hour photoperiod, 24±1 °C, illumination of 3000 lux and humidity of 80 %). The size of calluses, the growth of raw and dry biomass, the accumulation of free proline, and the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LP) were determined. In the experiments, the Timbo and Almaz cultivars showed the greatest sensitivity to salinity in vitro and produced calli only at a low NaCl concentration (0.5 %). The cultivars Sotnik and PRAG530l-1934 withstood an average salinity level (0.75 % NaCl). The Triskell sample turned out to be resistant, since callus formation occurred even at 1% NaCl). Sodium chloride added at a concentration of 0.75 % led to a decrease in the callus size of the Triskell, Sotnik and PRAG530l-1934 cultivars by 1.8, 1.9 and 2 times, respectively, vs. the control (р < 0.05). On the MS4 nutrient medium, the size of the callus in the Triskell sample decreased 2.9 times (р < 0.05). On MS2, the lowest decrease in crude callus biomass occurred in Triskell samples (1.6-fold vs. control, р < 0.05)) and Almaz (1.7-fold vs. control, р < 0.05), and the largest was in Timbo (3-fold vs. control, р < 0.05). On MS3, Triskell, PRAG530l-1934 and Sotnik cultivars showed a decrease in crude biomass vs. control by 2.1, 2.5 and 2.5 times (р < 0.05), respectively. High rates dry biomass accumulation on MS2 were characteristic of the Triskell and Sotnik samples, 62 and 57 % vs. control, р < 0.05). On MS3, the largest increase was found in Triskell (43 %, р < 0.05), the smallest in PRAG530l-1934 (23 %, р < 0.05) and Sotnik (25 %, р < 0.05). On MC4, the dry callus biomass of the Triskell was 21 % vs. control. Proline accumulation in calli was revealed on nutrient media with an excessive NaCl content, the most intense in a resistant Triskell sample. With 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % NaCl, prolin concentrations increased by 4.9, 6.2 and 6.9 times (р < 0.05), respectively. In sensitive Almaz and Timbo cultivars, there was an increase in lipid peroxidation. The most sustainable Triskell cultivar was characterized by generally high growth rates, intensive accumulation of proline and lower LP activity.
Keywords: Triticosecale Wittmack, triticale, callus, salt tolerance, chloride salinization, in vitro.
REFERENCES
- Shulyndin A.F. Tritikale — novaya zernovaya i kormovaya kul’tura [Triticale — a new grain and feed crop]. Kiev, 1981 (in Russ.).
- Kurkiev K.U., Muslimov M.G., Mirzabekova M.S., Alieva Z.M., Arnautova G.I., Magaramov B.G., Ismailov A.B., Gasanova V.Z. Yug Rossii: ekologiya, razvitie, 2016, 11(2): 160-169 CrossRef (in Russ.).
- Skovmand B., Fox P.N., Villareal R.L. Triticale in commercial agriculture: progress and promise. Advances in Agronomy, 1984, 37: 1-45 CrossRef
- Kolesnikov L.E., Vlasova E.A., Funtikova E.Yu., Kolesnikova Yu.R. Triticale resistance to the main phytopathogenic organisms of northwest region of the Russian Federation. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2013, 3: 110-116 CrossRef (in Russ.).
- Evgrashkina T.N., Ivanishchev V.V., Boykova O.I., Zhukov N.N. Rossiyskaya sel’skokhozyaystvennaya nauka, 2020, 1: 11-14 CrossRef (in Russ.).
- Khabieva N.A., Alieva Z.M., Kurkiev K.U. Agrokhimiya, 2020, 2: 84-91 CrossRef (in Russ.).
- Zalibekov Z.G. Pochvy Dagestana [Soils of Dagestan]. Moscow, 2010 (in Russ.).
- Arzani A. Improving salinity tolerance in crop plant: a biotechnological view. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology — Plant, 2008, 44: 373-383 CrossRef
- Pérez-Clemente R., Gómez-Cadenas A. In vitro tissue culture, a tool for the study and breeding of plants subjected to abiotic stress conditions. In: Recent advances in plant in vitro culture. A. Leva, L.M.R. Rinaldi (eds.). InTech, 2012, 5: 91-108 CrossRef
- Wijerathna-Yapa A., Hiti-Bandaralage J. Tissue culture — a sustainable approach to explore plant stresses. Life, 2023, 13(3): 780 CrossRef
- Roik N.V., Bekh N.S., Kotsar M.A., Boyko I.I. Sakharnaya svekla, 2016, 9: 11-13 (in Russ.).
- Solodkaya L.A., Lapotyshkina L.I., Agafodorova M.N. Kormoproizvodstvo, 2021, 1: 26-29 (in Russ.).
- Malyukova L.S., Nechaeva T.L., Zubova M.Yu., Gvasalia M.V., Koninskaya N.G., Zagoskina N.V. Physiological and biochemical characterization of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) microshoots in vitro: the norm, osmotic stress, and effects of calcium. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2020, 55(5): 970-980 CrossRef
- Matheka J.M., Magiri E., Rasha A.O., Machuka J. In vitro selection and characterization of drought tolerant somaclones of tropical maize (Zea mays L.). Biotechnology, 2008, 7(4): 641-650 CrossRef
- Almansouri M., Kinet J.-M., Lutts S. Effect of salt and osmotic stress on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Plant and Soil, 2001, 6(1): 243-254 CrossRef
- Elwan M.W.M. Explant type, regeneration stage and pre-conditioning affect in vitro salinity tolerance in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum cv.California wonder). African Crop Science Conference Proceeding, 2007, 8: 1951-1956.
- Zair I., Chlyah A., Sabounji K., Tittahsen M., Chlyah H. Salt tolerance improvement in some wheat cultivars after application of in vitro selection pressure. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2003, 73(3): 237-244 CrossRef
- Gladkov E.A. Biotekhnologiya, 2006, 3: 79-82 (in Russ.).
- Mikhaylova I.D., Lukatkin A.S. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, 2022, 2: 3-11 CrossRef (in Russ.).
- Zair I., Chlyah A., Sabounji K., Tittahsen M., Chlyah H. Salt tolerance improvement in some wheat cultivars after application of in vitro selection pressure. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2003, 73(3): 237-244 CrossRef
- Koç E., Karayigit B. Plant secondary metabolites in stress tolerance. In: Climate-resilient agriculture, vol. 1. M. Hasanuzzaman (ed.). Springer, Cham, 2023: 379-433 CrossRef
- Zaytseva S.M., Kalashnikova E.A., Nguen Tkhan’ Khay, Kirakosyan R.N. Khimiya rastitel’nogo syr’ya, 2023, 2: 289-299 CrossRef (in Russ.).
- Rai M.K., Kalia R.K., Singh R., Gangola M.P., Dhawan A.K. Developing stress tolerant plants through in vitro selection — an overview of the recent progress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2011, 71(1): 89-98 CrossRef
- Kruglova N.N., Zinatullina A.E. In vitro culture of autonomous embryos as a model system for the study of plant stress tolerance to abiotic factors (on the example of cereals). Biology Bulletin Reviews, 2022, 12: 201-211 CrossRef
- Álvarez S.P., Ardisana E.F.H., Leal R.P. Plant biotechnology for agricultural sustainability. In: Resources use efficiency in agriculture. S. Kumar, R.S. Meena, M.K. Jhariya (eds.). Springer, Singapore, 2020: 389-425 CrossRef
- El-Mahdy M.T., Youssef M., Elazab D.S. In vitro screening for salinity tolerance in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by morphological and molecular characterization. Acta Physiol. Plant., 2022, 44: 27 CrossRef
- Acemi A., Duman Y., Karakuş Y.Y., Kömpe Y.Ö., Özen F. Analysis of plant growth and biochemical parameters in Amsonia orientalis after in vitro salt stress. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 2017, 58: 231-239 CrossRef
- Krasensky J., Jonak C. Drought, salt, and temperature stress-induced metabolic rearrangements and regulatory networks. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2012, 63(4): 1593-1608 CrossRef
- Hannachi S., Werbrouck S., Bahrini I., Abdelgadir A., Siddiqui H.A., Van Labeke M.C. Obtaining salt stress-tolerant eggplant somaclonal variants from in vitro selection. Plants, 2021, 10(11): 2539 CrossRef
- Queiros F., Fidalgo F., Santos I., Salema R. In vitro selection of salt tolerant cell lines in Solanum tuberosum L. Biologia Plantarum, 2007, 51(4): 728-734 CrossRef
- Ayed-Slama O., Ayed S., Slim-Amara H. Selection of tolerant lines to salinity derived from durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in vitro culture. Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 6(7): 699-706 CrossRef
- Terletskaya N.V. Nespetsificheskie reaktsii zernovykh zlakov na abioticheskie stressy in vivo i in vitro [Nonspecific responses of cereals to abiotic stresses in vivo and in vitro]. Almaty, 2012 (in Russ.).
- Nikitina E.D., Khlebova L.P., Ereshchenko O.V. Izvestiya Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2014, 3-2(83): 50-54 CrossRef (in Russ.).
- Gadzhimuradova A.M., Savin T.V., Fedorenko E.N, Shvidchenko V.K., Kirgizova I.V. Vestnik nauki Kazakhskogo agrotekhnicheskogo universiteta im. S. Seyfullina, 2022, 3-2(114): 4-16 CrossRef (in Russ.).
- Dashek W.V., Erickson S.S. Isolation, assay, biosynthesis, metabolism, uptake and translocation, and function of proline in plant cells and tissues. The Botanical Review, 1981, 47(3): 349-385 CrossRef
- Koca H., Bor M., Ozdemir F., Turkan I. The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes and proline content of sesame cultivars. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2007, 60(3): 344-351 CrossRef
- Theriappan P., Aditya K.G., Dhasaratham P. Accumulation of proline under salinity and heavy metal stress in Cauliflower seedlings. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2011, 15(2): 251-255 CrossRef
- Kavi Kashor P.B., Sreenivasulu N. Is proline accumulation per se correlated with stress tolerance or is proline homeostasis a more critical issue? Plant, Cell & Environment, 2013, 37(2): 300-311 CrossRef
- Szabados L., Savoure A. Proline: a multifunctional amino acid. Trends in Plant Science, 2010, 15(2): 89-97 CrossRef
- Urbinati G., Nota P., Frattarelli A., Di Cori P., Lucioli S., Forni C., Caboni E. Morpho-physiological and antioxidant response to NaCl-induced stress in in vitro shoots of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Acta Physiol. Plant., 2018, 40: 151 CrossRef
- Khabieva N.A. Vestnik Dagestanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2016, 31(1): 114-118 (in Russ.).
- Abilova G.A. Vestnik Dagestanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2022, 37(3): 93-99 (in Russ.).
- Bates L.S., Waldren R.P., Teare I.D. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 1973, 39(1): 205-207 CrossRef
- Merzlyak M.N., Pogosyan S.I., Yufarova S.G. Nauchnye doklady vysshey shkoly. Biologicheskie nauki, 1978, 9: 86-94 (in Russ.).
- Haque M.S., Hasanuzzaman M., Rahman M.T., Islam N., Begum S.N., Yasmin S. Hydroponic and in vitro screening of wheat varieties for salt-tolerance. Plant Sci. Today, 2022, 9(4): 844–854 CrossRef
- Mansour M.M.F., Salama K.H.A. Proline and abiotic stresses: responses and adaptation. In: Plant ecophysiology and adaptation under climate change: Mechanisms and perspectives II. M. Hasanuzzaman (ed.). Springer, Singapore, 2020: 357-397 CrossRef
- Ilhan D., Yazicilar B., Geyik M.S., Actici O., Bezirganoglu I. In vitro studies of salt tolerance at the physiological and molecular levels in two cultivars of Emmer Wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl). Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2024 CrossRef
- Widodo, Patterson J.H., Newbigin E., Tester M., Bacic A., Roessner U. Metabolic responses to salt stress of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Sahara and Clipper, which differ in salinity tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009, 60(14): 4089-4103 CrossRef
- Aazami M.A., Rasouli F., Ebrahimzaden A. Oxidative damage, antioxidant mechanism and gene expression in tomato responding to salinity stress under in vitro conditions and application of iron and zinc oxide nanoparticles on callus induction and plant regeneration. BMC Plant Biology, 2021, 21: 597 CrossRef