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Kochish I.I., Monstakova T.V., Azarnova T.O. Antihypoxic and energy stimulating effects of cobalt glycinate during embryogenesis of quails (Coturnix japonica). Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2022, Vol. 57, № 6, p. 1208-1216.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2022.6.1208eng

UDC: 636.5:591.3:57.044

 

ANTIHYPOXIC AND ENERGY STIMULATING EFFECTS OF COBALT GLYCINATE DURING EMBRYOGENESIS OF QUAILS (Coturnix japonica)

I.I. Kochish, T.V. Monstakova✉, T.O. Azarnova

Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 23, ul. Akademika K.I. Skryabina, Moscow, 109472 Russia, e-mail kochish.i@mail.ru, tommi@list.ru (✉ corresponding author), azarena@list.ru

ORCID:
Kochish I.I. orcid.org/0000-0001-8892-9858
Azarnova T.O. orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-9355
Monstakova T.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-2030-6344

Received July 28, 2022

Hypoxic manifestations, including those associated with certain periods of bird embryogenesis, lead to slowdown in development, and in severe cases, to multifaceted morphological and functional disorders in embryos. Numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of biostimulants with pronounced antioxidant properties, which can neutralize negative effects of hypoxia and provide conditions for a faster transition to aerobic glycolysis. These biostimulants include cobalt glycinate, synthesized at Scriabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology. The choice of the biostimulant components was due to the properties of each component separately and their hypothetical complementary effect. In the present work, it was found for the first time that cobalt glycinate has an antihypoxic effect and stimulates energy metabolism in quail embryos and 1-day-old quails. The purpose of the work is to investigate the effect of cobalt glycinate on energy metabolism and to provide a background for correction of adverse effects of hypoxia that occur during embryogenesis in quails under incubation. The experiment was carried out on hatching eggs from Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) of the same age (Shepilovskaya Poultry Farm, Moscow Province, 2020). The eggs were sorted in two batches (experimental and control, 220 eggs each). The experimental eggs were sprayed once with 0.05 % cobalt glycinate solution (an aerosol dispenser HURRICANE 2792, Curtis Dyna-Fog, USA). The control batch was not treated. The eggs were incubated in IUV-F-15-31 type incubators (Energomera, Russia; the temperature range from 38.1 to 36.8 °С, a 10-15 mm ventilation flaps’ opening). Key categories of incubation waste, hatchability rate of eggs, hatching, live weight of 1-day-old juveniles, body temperature, and the quality as per Pasgar and Optistart scaled criteria were assessed. Blood of 1-day-old juveniles was sampled by decapitation. Blood antioxidant activity (AOA), the content of lipid peroxidation products were measured using a Beckman DU-7 spectrophotometer (Beckman Coulter, Inc., USA). Concentrations of total blood proteins, lipids, glucose were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer DIRUI CS-600B (Dirui Industrial Co., Ltd., China). The content of lactate and pyroracemic acid was analyzed by tandem chromatography-mass spectrometry (an Agilent 6410 Triple chromatograph, Agilent Technologies Inc., USA). The ATP content was determined by bioluminescent method (a luminometer and reagents from Lumtek, Russia), pH by direct potentiometry (an E-Lyte 5 blood electrolyte analyzer, High Technology Inc., USA). In the test group, the number of the main incubation wastes (blood rings and died-in-shell birds) was 1.82 and 2.28 times less, respectively, than in the control group, while the hatching rate increased by 8.64 % (p < 0,05) and hatchability by 7.97 % (p < 0.05). Treatment with an optimal dosage of cobalt glycinate prior to incubation contributed to a decrease in free-radical reactions and lipid peroxidation. The greatest differences (20 %) occurred in the concentration of oxodiene conjugates (p < 0.05). The reduced LPO intensity may be due to the stimulating effect of cobalt glycinate on the antioxidant system, which resulted in an increase in AOA by 12.9 % (p < 0.01) compared to control. The blood concentration of ATP in quails of the test group was 1.4 times higher (p < 0.01) than in the control group. The ATF level, along with an increase in glucose by 8.73 % (p < 0.01), pyroracemic acid by 12.5 % (p < 0.05), pH by 0.67 % and a decrease in the lactate by 16 %, were indicative of a more efficient use of energy substrates by the birds. The likelihood of development of an uncompensated acidosis decreased in the birds of the test group. Along with this, the stimulation of energy metabolism caused a statistically significant (p < 0.01) increase in body temperature measured rectally and under the wing, by 0.4 and 0.3 °С, respectively (39.1 and 37.5 °С vs. 38.7 and 37.2 °С). An increase in the blood concentration of total proteins by 3.88 % (p < 0.01) and an increase in live weight by 8.34 % (p < 0.05) should be especially noted. Therefore, under industrial conditions, the pre-incubation treatment of Japanese quail eggs with 0.05 % solution of cobalt glycinate reduces the free radical level and, as a result, lipid peroxidation in 1-day-old quails. Additionally, cobalt glycinate stimulates energy metabolism, providing a faster transition of quails to aerobic glycolysis and reducing the likelihood of uncompensated acidosis. A higher concentration of ATP in 1-day-old individuals of the test group indicates both a better thermoregulatory function to ensure natural resistance and viability, and the absence of depleted energy metabolism during the previous periods of development, which determines the superiority in viability of embryos.

Keywords: hypoxia, embryogenesis, quail, antioxidant, cobalt glycinate, hatchability rate.

 

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