PLANT BIOLOGY
ANIMAL BIOLOGY
SUBSCRIPTION
E-SUBSCRIPTION
 
MAP
MAIN PAGE

 

 

 

 

Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2019, Vol. 54, № 6, p. 1095-1109.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2019.6.1095eng

UDC: 636.52/.58:637.4:636.083:57.04

 

THE EFFECTS OF LIGHTING REGIMES ON THE OVIPOSITION TIME AND EGG QUALITY IN LAYING HENS(review)

A.Sh. Kavtarashvili1, V.I. Fisinin1, V.S. Buyarov2, T.N. Kolokolnikova3

1Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute RAS, 10, ul. Ptitsegradskaya, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Province, 141311 Russia, e-mail alexk@vnitip.ru (✉ corresponding author),vnitip@vnitip.ru;
2Parakhin Orel State Agrarian University, 69, ul. Generala Rodina, Orel, 302019 Russia, e-mail bvc5636@mail.ru;
3Siberian Research Institute of Poultry Farming — Branch of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, 1, ul. 60 Let Pobedy, Morozovka, Omsk District, Omsk Province, 644555 Russia, e-mail kotani2009@mail.ru

ORCID:
Kavtarashvili A.Sh. orcid.org/0000-0001-9108-1632
Buyarov V.S. orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-4353
Fisinin V.I. orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-6336

Received October 8, 2019

 

Oviposition is a complex process where oviposition time (OT), clutch length (CL), and interval length (IL) are interrelated (B.G. Roy et al., 2014). The review presented highlights the effects of lighting regimes on the oviposition time in laying hens (Gallus gallus domsticus L.) in the relation with egg productivity and quality. OT is directly related to the ovulation time which, in turn, depends on the time of peak circulatory concentration of the luteinizing hormone (LG) released by the anterior pituitary (S.C. Wilson et al., 1984). In standard 24-hour light-dark cycles with single dark-to-light switch oviposition occurs predominantly during the light phase (F. Noddegaard, 1998; G.A. Kirdyashkina et al., 2009) while in conditions of intermittent asymmetric lighting regimes it occurs during the «subjective day» period (P.D. Lewis et al., 1990; A.Sh. Kavtarashvili et al., 2002; A.Sh. Kavtarashvili, 2007). The most of daily laid eggs in a flock are laid during ca. 5-6 hours after the switch-on (A.H. Zakaria, 2005), corresponding to average OT 13-15 hours after the switch-off (K. Lillpers, 1991; P.H. Patterson, 1997; R.J. Etches, 1990; A.Sh. Kavtarashvili et al., 2019). Average OT is determined by complex interaction of «dawn» and «dusk» signals, the latter being the most influential in this case (S.S. Liou et al., 1987; B.M. Bhati et al., 1988). In 24-30-hour light-dark cycles every 1 hour of the cycle length with the same length of the light phase decreases average OT by 1.89-1.90 hours. The increase in the length of the light phase within given light-dark cycle by 1 hour shifts average OT by 0.26-0.27 hours toward the «dusk» point. OT is known to affect egg quality. E.g. the weight of eggs laid in the morning is higher in compare to the eggs laid later (E. Tůmová et al., 2010; M. Akif Boz et al., 2014; S. Samiullah et al., 2016; A.J. Kryeziu et al., 2011). Some researchers (R.H. Harms, 1991; E. Tůmová et al., 2009) reported that egg weight, eggshell thickness and strength were higher in the eggs laid in the morning while in other studies (E. Tůmová et al., 2005, 2007; A.J. Kryeziu et al., 2011; C. Hrnčár et al., 2013) these parameters of egg quality were better in the eggs laid in the midday. The eggs laid in the morning were reported to have more intense brown eggshell pigmentation as compared to eggs laid in the midday (S. Samiullah et al., 2016; A.J. Kryeziu et al., 2011) and higher calcium content in the eggshell (E. Tůmová et al., 2014), 22.8 % lower content of cholesterol (E. Tůmová et al., 2008; M.A. Abdalla et al., 2018), as well as lower phosphorus and magnesium levels (E. Tůmová et al., 2014). Hens that laid eggs preferably in the morning were reported to have longer CL and higher egg production in compare to hens which preferably lay eggs later. The heritability coefficient (h2) of OT varies from 0.38 to 0.78 (K. Lillpers, 1991). The positive correlation (r = 0.54) between the CL and egg production was also reported (M. Bednarczyk et al., 2000; P. Miandmients et al., 1993). In view of the above mentioned average OT and CL can be reasonably included as the criteria into the selection programs for laying hens and broiler parental hens. In addition, the optimization of OT can improve egg quality and facilitate the rational organization of egg collection in the farms. The studies on the effects of lighting regimes on OT and egg quality were performed primarily in conditions of constant lighting schemes. The further research is necessary for the intermittent lighting regimes, on individually caged hens (with the recording of egg position within the clutches) and on hens kept in group cages.

Keywords: Gallus gallus domesticus, laying hens, lighting regime, oviposition time, egg quality.

 

REFERENCES

  1. Lukić M., Pavlovski Z., Škrbić Z. Adequate calcium nutrition and quality of egg shell and bones in layers: innovative approach. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 2011, 27(3): 485-497 CrossRef
  2. Shtelle A.L. Ptitsa i ptitseprodukty, 2011, 6: 19-23 (in Russ.).
  3. Nys Y., Guyot N. Egg formation and chemistry. In: Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg products. Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. Y. Nys, M. Bain, F. Van Immerseel (eds.). Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011: 83-132 CrossRef
  4. Sidorenko L.I., Shcherbatov V.I. Biologiya kur [Chick biology]. Krasnodar, 2016: 244 (in Russ.).
  5. Johnson A.L., Woods D.C. Ovarian dynamics and follicle development. In: Reproductive biology and phylogeny of birds. B.G.M. Jamieson (ed.). Science Publishers, Enfield, USA, 2007, 6A: 243-277.
  6. Rangel P.L., Gutierrez C.G. Reproduction in hens: is testosterone necessary for the ovulatory process? General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2014, 203: 250-261 CrossRef
  7. Johnson A.L. Regulation of follicle differentiation by gonadotropins and growth factor. Poultry Science, 1993, 72(5): 867-873 CrossRef
  8. Johnson A.L. The avian ovarian hierarchy: a balance between follicle differentiation and atresia. Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews, 1996, 7(2-3): 99-110.
  9. Sauveur B., de Reviers M. Qualite d'œufs. In: Reproduction des volailles et production d'œufs. INRA, Paris, 1988: 377-436.
  10. Sheldon B.L., Yoo B.H., Podger R.N. Increasing egg yield under normal light cycles by selecting for short interval between eggs under continuous light. Annales Agriculturae Fenniae, 1984, 23(4): 216-225.
  11. Bednarczyk M., Kiecłzewski K., Szwaczkowski, T. Genetic parameters of the traditional selection traits and some clutch traits in a commercial line of laying hens. Archivfür Geflügelkunde, 2000, 64(3): 129-133.
  12. Chen C.F., Tixier-Boichard M. Correlated responses to long-term selection for clutch length in dwarf brown-egg layers carrying or not carrying the naked neck gene. Poultry Science, 2003, 82(5): 709-720 CrossRef
  13. Bain M.M., Nys Y., Dunn I.C. Increasing persistency in lay and stabilising egg quality in longer laying cycles. What are the challenges? British Poultry Science,2016, 57(3): 330-338 (doi: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1161727">CrossRef
  14. Etches R.J. Reproduction in poultry. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1996.
  15. Icken W., Cavero D., Schmutz M., Thurner S., Wendl G., Preisinger R. Analysis of the time interval within laying sequences in a transponder nest. World’s Poultry Science Journal,2008, 64: 231-234.
  16. Croze F. Etches R.J. The physiological significance of androgen-induced ovulation in the hen. Journal of Endocrinology, 1980, 84(1): 163-171 CrossRef
  17. Rangel P.L., Sharp P.J., Gutierrez C.G. Testosterone antagonist (flutamide) blocks ovulation and preovulatory surges of progesterone, luteinizing hormone and oestradiol in laying hens. Reproduction, 2006, 131(6): 1109-1114 CrossRef
  18. Roy B.G., Kataria M.C., Roy U. Study of oviposition pattern and clutch traits in a White leghorn (WL) layer population. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2014, 7(1): 59-67 CrossRef
  19. Backhouse D., Gous R.M. The effect of feeding time on shell quality and oviposition time in broiler breeders. British Poultry Science, 2005, 46(2): 255-259 CrossRef
  20. Backhouse D., Gous R.M. Responses of adult broiler breeders to feeding time. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 2006, 62(2): 269-281 CrossRef
  21. Lewis Dr P.D., Ciacciariello M., Ciccone N.A., Sharp P.J., Gous R.M. Lighting regimens and plasma LH and FSH in broiler breeders. British Poultry Science, 2005, 46(3): 349-353 CrossRef
  22. Tůmová E., Gous R.M. Interaction between oviposition time, age, and environmental temperature and egg quality traits in laying hens and broiler breeders. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 2012, 57(12): 541-549 CrossRef
  23. Wilson S.C., Cunningham F.J. Endocrine control of ovulation cycle. In: Reproductive biology of poultry. F.J. Cunningham, P.E. Lake, D. Hewitt (eds.). British Poultry Science Ltd., Edinburgh, UK, 1984: 29-51.
  24. Johnson A.L., van Tienhoven A. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal sensitivity to hormones in the hen. I. Plasma concentrations of LH, progesterone and testosterone in response to central injections of progesterone and R5020. Biology of Reproduction, 1980, 23(5): 910-917 CrossRef
  25. Wilson S.C., Jennings R.C., Cunningham F.J. An investigation of diurnal and cyclic changes in the secretion of luteinizing hormone in the domestic hen. Journal of Endocrinology, 1983, 98(1): 137-145 CrossRef
  26. Morris T.R. The effects of ahemeral light and dark cycles on egg production in the fowl. Poultry Science, 1973, 52(2): 423-445 CrossRef
  27. Johnson P.A., van Tienhoven A. Investigations of the significance of the crepuscular LH peak in the ovulatory cycle of the hen (Gallus domesticus). Journal of Endocrinology, 1984, 100(3): 307-313 CrossRef
  28. Backhouse D. The effect of photoperiod and feeding time on broiler breeder eggshell quality and oviposition time. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004: 74.
  29. Nakao N., Yasuo S., Nishimura A., Yamamura T., Watanabe T., Anraku T., Okano T., Fukada Y., Sharp P.J., Ebihara S., Yoshimura T. Circadian clock gene regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression in preovulatory ovarian follicles. Endocrinology, 2007, 148(7): 3031-3038 CrossRef
  30. Stocco D.M. StAR protein and the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Annual Review of Physiology, 2001, 63: 193-213 CrossRef
  31. Johnson A.L., Solovieva E.V., Bridgham J.T. Relationship between steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression and progesterone production in hen granulosa cells during follicle development. Biology of Reproduction, 2002, 67(4): 1313-1320 (doi: 10.1095/biolreprod67.4.1313).
  32. Wilson S.C., Sharp P.J. Effects of androgens, oestrogens and deoxycorticosterone acetate on plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone in laying hens. Journal of Endocrinology, 1976, 69(1): 93-102 CrossRef
  33. Cunningham F.J., Wilson S.C., Knight P.G., Gladwell R.T. Chicken ovulation cycle. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 1984, 232(3): 485-494 CrossRef
  34. Robinson F.E., Etches R.J. Ovarian steroidogenesis during follicular maturation in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Biology of Reproduction, 1986, 35(5): 1096-1105 CrossRef
  35. Robinson F.E., Etches R.J., Anderson-Langmuir C.E., Burke W.H., Cheng K.W., Cun-ningham F.J., Ishii S., Sharp P.J., Talbot R.T. Steroidogenic relationships of gonadotrophin  hormones in the ovary of the hen (Gallus domesticus). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1988, 69(3): 455-466 CrossRef
  36. Imai K., Nalbandov A.V. Plasma and follicular steroid levels of laying hens after the administration of gonadotropins. Biology of Reproduction, 1978, 19(4): 779-784 CrossRef
  37. Johnson A.L., Bridgham J.T., Wagner B. Characterization of a chicken luteinizing hormone receptor (cLH-R) complementary deoxyribonucleic acid, and expression of cLH-R messenger ribonucleic acid in the ovary. Biology of Reproduction, 1996, 55(2): 304-309 CrossRef
  38. Yamamura N., Takeishi M., Goto H., Tagami M., Mizutani T., Miyamoto K., Doi O., Kamiyoshi M. Expression of messenger RNA for gonadotropin receptor in the granulosa layer during the ovulatory cycle of hens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & integrative physiology, 2001, 129(2-3): 327-337 CrossRef
  39. Wilson S.C., Cunningham F.J. Effect of photoperiod on the concentrations of corticosterone and luteinizing hormone in the plasma of the domestic hen. Journal of Endocrinology, 1981, 91(1): 135-143 CrossRef
  40. Etches R.J. Maturation of ovarian follicles. In: Reproductive biology of poultry. F.J. Cunningham, P.E. Lake, D. Hewitt (eds.). British Poultry Science Ltd., Edinburgh, UK, 1984: 51-73.
  41. Gow C.B., Sharp P.J., Carter N.B., Scaramuzzi R.J., Sheldon B.L., Yoo B.H., Talbot R.T. Effects of selection for reduced oviposition interval on plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone during the ovulatory cycle in hens on a 24-hr lighting cycle. British Poultry Science, 1985, 26(4): 441-451 CrossRef
  42. Morris T.R., Melek O., Cunningham F.J. Luteinizing hormone concentrations in the plasma of laying hens exposed to a 27-hr cycle of light and darkness. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1975, 42(2): 381-384 CrossRef
  43. Melek O., Morris T.R., Jennings R.C. The time factor in egg formation for hens exposed to ahemeral light-dark cycles. British Poultry Science, 1973, 14(5): 493-498 CrossRef
  44. Bhatti B.M., Morris T.R. Model for the prediction of mean time of oviposition for hens kept in different light and dark cycles. British Poultry Science, 1988, 29(2): 205-213 CrossRef
  45. Lillpers K. Genetic variation in the time of oviposition in the laying hen. British Poultry Science, 1991, 32(2): 303-312 CrossRef
  46. Etches R.J. Physiology of reproduction: the female. In: Poultry production. P. Hunton (ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1995: 221-241.
  47. Cain J.R., Wilson W.O. The influence of specific environmental parameters on the circadian rhythm of chickens. Poultry Science, 1974, 53(4): 1438-1447 CrossRef
  48. Noddegaard F. Oviposition patterns and plasma melatonin rhythms in response to manipulations of the light:dark cycle. British Poultry Science, 1998, 39(5): 653-661 CrossRef
  49. Kirdyashkina G.A., Mal'tsev A.B., Kavtarashvili A.Sh. Materialy X Ukrainskoi konferentsii po ptitsevodstvu s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Aktual'nye problemy sovremennogo ptitsevodstva» [Proc. X Ukrainian conference on poultry farming with international participation «Actual problems of modern poultry farming»]. Khar'kov, 2009: 222-225 (in Russ.).
  50. Lewis P.D., Perry G.C. Response of laying hens to asymmetrical interrupted lighting regimens: physiological aspects. British Poultry Science, 1990, 31(1): 45-52 CrossRef
  51. Naito M., Ueno T., Komiyama T. The effect of intermittent lighting on the time of oviposition in the domestic fowl. Japanese Poultry Science, 1982, 19(4): 234-237 CrossRef
  52. Kavtarashvili A.Sh. Ptitsa i ptitseprodukty, 2007, 5: 45-47 (in Russ.).
  53. Kavtarashvili A.Sh., Marchev S.V., Ridzhal S.P. V knige: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov VNITIP [In: Collection of scientific works of VNITIP. Vol. 77]. Sergiev Posad, 2002, tom 77: 21-25 (in Russ.).
  54. Gumulka M., Kapkowska E., Maj D. Laying pattern parameters in broiler breeder hens and intrasequence changes in egg composition. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 2010, 55(10): 428-435 CrossRef
  55. Miyoshi S., Inoue K., Minh Luc K., Kuchida K., Mitsumoto T. Intra-clutch changes in egg composition and shell quality in laying hens. Japanese Poultry Science, 1997, 34(4): 273-281 CrossRef
  56. Kavtarashvili A.Sh., Novotorov E.N., Gusev V.A., Prisyazhnaya L.M. Ptitsaiptitseprodukty, 2019, 3: 38-41 (in Russ.).
  57. Zakaria A.H., Plumstead P.W., Romero-Sanchez H., Leksrisompong N., Osborne J., Braket J. Oviposition pattern, egg weight, fertility, and hatchability of young and old broiler breeders. Poultry Science, 2005, 84(9): 1505-1509 CrossRef
  58. Patterson P.H. The relationship of oviposition time and egg characteristics to the daily light:dark cycle. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 1997, 6(4): 381-390 CrossRef
  59. Lewis Dr P.D., Backhouse D., Gous R.M. Photoperiod and oviposition time in broiler breeders. British Poultry Science, 2004, 45(4): 561-564 CrossRef
  60. Bhatti B.M. Distribution of oviposition times of hens in continuous darkness or continuous illumination. British Poultry Science, 1987, 28(2): 295-306 CrossRef
  61. Duplaix M., Williams J., Mongin, P. Effects of an intermittent lighting schedule on the time of egg-laying and the levels of luteinizing hormone, progesterone and corticosterone in the plasma of the domestic hen. Journal of Endocrinology, 1981, 91(3): 375-383 CrossRef
  62. Sauveur B., Mongin P. Performance of layers reared and/or kept under different 6-hour light-dark cycles. British Poultry Science, 1983, 24(3): 405-416 CrossRef
  63. Mongin P. Food intake and oviposition by domestic fowl under symmetric skeleton photoperiods. British Poultry Science, 1980, 21(5): 389-394 CrossRef
  64. Campo J.L., Gil M.G., Dávila S.G. Differences among white-, tinted-, and brown-egg laying hens for incidence of eggs laid on the floor and for oviposition time. Archiv für Geflügelkunde, 2007, 71(3): 105-109.
  65. Washburn K.W., Potts P.L. Effect of strain and age on the relationship of oviposition time to shell strength. British Poultry Science, 1975, 16(6):599-606 CrossRef
  66. Halaj M. Study of dynamics of egg laying and properties during a day. Acta Zootechnica, 1974, 28: 162-171.
  67. Etches R.J., Petitte J.N., Anderson-Langmuir C.E. Interrelationship between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, adrenal gland and the open period for LH release in the hen (Gallus domesticus). Journal of Experimental Zoology, 1984, 232(3): 501-511 CrossRef
  68. Etches R.J. The ovulatory cycle of the hen. Critical Reviews in Poultry Biology, 1990, 2(4): 293-318.
  69. Lewis P.D., Perry G.C., Morris T.R. Effect of photoperiod on the mean oviposition time of two breeds of laying hen. British Poultry Science, 1995, 36(1): 33-37 CrossRef
  70. Lewis P.D., Perry G.C., Morris T.R., English J. Supplementary dim light differentially influences sexual maturity, oviposition time, and melatonin rhythms in pullets. Poultry Science, 2001, 80(12): 1723-1728 CrossRef
  71. Tůmová E., Ledvinka Z. The effect of time of oviposition and age on egg weight, egg components weight and eggshell quality. Archiv für Geflügelkunde, 2009, 73(2): 110-115.
  72. Naito M., Ueno T., Komiyama T., Miyazono Y. Oviposition times under various light-dark cycles in the domestic fowl. Japanese Poultry Science, 1980, 17(3): 146-150 CrossRef
  73. Liou S.S., Biellier H.V. Light-dark cues entrain oviposition time in the chicken hen. InternationalJournal of Biometeorology, 1987, 31(4): 285-292 CrossRef
  74. Wilson W.O. Photocontrol of oviposition in gallinaceous birds. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1964, 117(1): 194-202 CrossRef
  75. Bhatti B.M., Morris T.R. The relative importance of light and temperature as phase setting signals for oviposition in the fowl. British Poultry Science, 1977, 18(4): 391-395 CrossRef
  76. Bhatti B.M., Morris T.R The relative importance of sunrise and sunset for entrainment of oviposition in the fowl. British Poultry Science, 1978, 19(3): 365-371 CrossRef
  77. Bhatti B.M. Exogenous regulation of the time of oviposition in the domestic fowl. World's Poultry Science Journal, 1987, 43(2): 116-131 CrossRef
  78. Tůmová E., Ebeid T. Effect of time of oviposition on egg quality characteristics in cages and in a litter housing system. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 2005, 50(3): 129-134 CrossRef
  79. Bhatti B.M., Morris T.R. Entrainment of oviposition in the fowl using light-dark cycles. British Poultry Science, 1978, 19(3): 333-340 CrossRef
  80. Emmans G.C., Fisher C. Problems in nutritional theory. In: Nutrient requirements of poultry and nutritional research. I. Fisher, K.N. Boorman (eds.). Butterworths, London, 1986: 9-39.
  81. Johnston S.A., Gous R.M. An improved mathematical model of the ovulatory cycle of the laying hen. British Poultry Science, 2003, 44(5): 752-760 CrossRef
  82. Charvátová V., Tůmová E. Time of oviposition and egg composition: a review. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 2010, 41(3): 190-195.
  83. Hughes B.O., Gilbert A.B., Brown M.F. Categorisation and causes of abnormal egg shells: relationship with stress. British Poultry Science, 1986, 27(2): 325-337 CrossRef
  84. Mills A.D., Nys Y., Gautron J., Zawadski J. Whitening of brown shelled eggs: individual variation and relationships with age, fearfulness, oviposition interval and stress. British Poultry Science, 1991, 32(1): 117-129 CrossRef
  85. Brake J. Relationship of egg weight, specific gravity, and shell weight to time of oviposition and feeding in broiler breeders. Poultry Science, 1985, 64(11): 2037-2040 CrossRef
  86. Lee K.D., Choi J.H. Interrelationships among time of oviposition, egg weight, shell weight, and rate of production of laying hens. Poultry Science, 1985, 64(12): 2256-2258 CrossRef
  87. Hashiguchi M. Relationship of position of egg in sequence to eggshell quality in laying hen. Japanese Poultry Science, 1996, 33: 230-234 CrossRef
  88. Pavlovski Z., Vitorović D., Škrbić Z., Vračar S. Influence of limestone particle size in diets for hens and oviposition time on eggshell quality. Acta Veterinaria, Belgrade, 2000, 50(1): 37-42 CrossRef
  89. Akif Boz M., Sarıca M., Yamak U.S. The effect of oviposition time on hatching traits of different chicken genotypes. European Poultry Science, 2014, 78 CrossRef
  90. Samiullah S., Roberts J., Chousalkar K. Oviposition time, flock age, and egg position in clutch in relation to brown eggshell color in laying hens. Poultry Science, 2016,95(9): 2052-2057 CrossRef
  91. Zakaria A.H., Plumstead P.W., Romero-Sanchez H., Leksrisompong N., Brake J. The effects of oviposition time on egg weight loss during storage and incubation, fertility, and hatchability of broiler hatching eggs. Poultry Science, 2009, 88(12): 2712-2717 CrossRef
  92. Kryeziu A.J., Mestani N., Kamberi M., Berisha H. Effect of hen age and oviposition time on egg quality parameters. Proc. XIV European Symposium on the Quality of Eggs and Egg Products and XX European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat. Leipzig, Germany, 2011: b-047 CrossRef
  93. Tůmová E, Ledvinka Z., Skřivan M., Englmaierová M., Zita L. Effect of time of oviposition on egg quality in egg and meat type hens. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 2008, 39(3): 269-272.
  94. Harms R.H. Specific gravity of eggs and eggshell weight from commercial layers and broiler breeders in relation to time of oviposition. Poultry Science, 1991, 70(5): 1099-1104 CrossRef
  95. Tůmová E., Skřivan M., Englmaierová M., Zita L. The effect of genotype, housing system and egg collection time on egg quality in egg type hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 2009, 54(1): 17-23 CrossRef
  96. Tůmová E., Zita L., Hubený M., Skřivan M., Ledvinka Z. The effect of oviposition time and genotype on egg quality characteristics in egg type hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 2007, 52(1): 26-30 CrossRef
  97. Yannakopoulos A.L., Tserveni-Gousi A.S., Nikokyris P.N. Egg composition as influenced by time of oviposition, egg weight, and age of hens. Archiv für Geflügelkunde, 1994, 58(5): 206-213.
  98. Hrnčár C., Hässlerová M., Bujko J. The effect of oviposition time on egg quality parameters in Brown Leghorn, Oravka and Brahma hens. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2013, 46(1): 53-57.
  99. Tůmová E., Gous R.M., Tyler N. Effect of hen age, environmental temperature, and oviposition time on egg shell quality and eggshell and serum mineral contents in laying and broiler breeder hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 2014, 59(9): 435-443 CrossRef
  100. Kebreab E., France J., Kwakkel R.P., Lesson S., Darmani Kuhi H., Dijkstra J. Development and evaluation of a dynamic model of calcium and phosphorus flows in layers. Poultry Science, 2009, 88(3): 680-689 CrossRef
  101. Campo J.L., Escudero J. Relationship between egg-shell colour and two measurements of shell strength in the Vasca breed. British Poultry Science, 1984, 25(4): 467-476 CrossRef
  102. Curtis P.A., Gardner F.A., Mellor D.B. A comparison of selected quality and compositional characteristics of brown and white shell eggs. II. Interior quality. Poultry Science, 1985, 64(2): 302-306 CrossRef
  103. Jones D.R., Musgrove M.T., Anderson K.E., Thesmar H.S. Physical quality and composition of retail shell eggs. Poultry Science, 2010, 89(3): 582-587 CrossRef
  104. Mertens K., Vaesen I., Loffel J., Kemps B., Kamers B., Perianu C., Zoons J., Darius P., Decuypere E., De Baerdemaeker J., De Ketelaere B. The transmission color value: A novel egg quality measure for recording shell color used for monitoring the stress and health status of a brown layer flock. Poultry Science, 2010, 89(3): 609-617 CrossRef
  105. Ishikawa S., Suzuki K., Fukuda E., Arihara K., Yamamoto Y., Mukai T., Itoh M. Photodynamic antimicrobial activity of avian eggshell pigments. FEBS Letters, 2010, 584(4): 770-774 CrossRef
  106. Abdalla M.A., Ochi E.B. Effect of laying hen’s age and oviposition time on egg cholesterol contents. Science Letters, 2018, 6(1): 42-46.
  107. Myandmets R., Khyammaya Ya., Rummel' K. Ptitsevodstvo,1993, 8: 14-15 (in Russ.).

back

 


CONTENTS

 

 

Full article PDF (Rus)

Full article PDF (Eng)