doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.6.1107eng
UDC 636.32/.38:575.1:636.082
GENETIC MARKERS OF MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF SHEEP
(Ovis aries L.). I. MYOSTATIN, CALPAIN, CALPASTATIN (review)
V.I. Trukhachev1, M.I. Selionova2, A.Yu. Krivoruchko1,
A.M.M. Aibasov2
1Stavropol State Agrarian University, 12, Zootechnicheskii per., Stavropol, 355017 Russia, e-mail rector@stgau.ru, rcvm@yandex.ru;
2All-Russian Research Institute of sheep and goat breeding – branch of the North Caucasus federal agricultural Research Center, 15, Zootechnicheskii per., Stavropol, 355017 Russia, e-mail m_selin@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), velikii-1@yandex.ru
ORCID:
Trukhachev V.I. orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-5407
Krivoruchko A.Yu. orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-3639
Selionova M.I. orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-8080
Aibasov A.M.M. orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-3210
The authors declare no conflict of interests
Received June 25, 2017
The study of genetic and biochemical bases of phenotypic polymorphism that determine meat productivity of agricultural animals is relevant for animal breeding. Breeders of USA, Europe and Australia use genes associated with quantitative and qualitative traits of meat cattle, such as CAPN and CAST (calpactin and calpain cascade), MSTN (myostatin), GDF5 (growth differentiating factor), TG5 (thyreoglobulin), LEP (leptin), FABP4 (protein binding fatty acids) in selection programs (A.V. Eenennaam, 2006; Y.F. Liu et al., 2010; U. Singha et al., 2014; A. Cieploch et al., 2017). The main trend in the development of sheep breeding in recent decades throughout the world is a steady growth in mutton production, which determines an increase in the proportion of specialized meat breeds and increasingly growing requirements to parameters of meat productivity of meat sheep and meat wool sheep (A.M. Holmanov et al., 2015; M.I. Selionova, 2015). In this regard, search for candidate genes associated with these parameters is given more atttantion (D.W. Pethick et al., 2014). The presented review summarizes data on several factors which affect meat productivity in shhep. First, myostatin biological activity, gene structure and effect on the indices of sheep meat productivity are under consideration. Myostatin gene located on chromosome 2 and includes three exons and two introns is highly polymorphic (J.G. Hickford et al., 2010; M.R. Ansary, 2011; H. Han et al., 2013). Its mutations g+6723G>A and g+2449G>C have positive effects on the development of muscles and lead to a significant increase in meat with a decrease in fat content in the carcass (A. Clop et al., 2006; P.L. Johnson et al., 2009; I.A. Boman et al., 2010; A.Y. Masri et al., 2011; M. Hope et al., 2013; J. Wang et al., 2016). Another factor determining meat productivity in sheep is a proteolytic calpain-calpastatin system (CCS) (D.E. Goll et al., 2003; H.Y Chung, 2003). Calpastatin gene is located on chromosome 5 and includes 4 exons and 3 introns (B.R. Palmer, 1998). Calpain and calpastatin genes are presented by a variety of alleles, which differ in the frequency in different breeds (F.E. Shahroudi et al., 2006; S.O. Byun et al., 2009; M.A. Azari et al., 2012; G. Shahabodin et al., 2012; R.R. Arora et al., 2014; N. Shahram et al., 2014; N.S. Kumar et al., 2015). There is a relationship between point mutations in CAPN gene and fatty hips, kidneys, heart and a significant association of these mutations with lower fat deposition in the carcass. Intensity of growth rate in sheep young is primarily due to a greater increase in muscular weight which also correlates with CAST gene (M.R. Nassiry et al., 2006; A. Mahdavi Mamaghani et al., 2008; M. Tahmoorespur et al., 2012; Q. Fang et al., 2013). These results testify to expedience for myostatin, calpain and ñalpastatin genes typing in breeding genotypes with higher meat productivity.
Keywords: Ovis aries L., sheep, meat productivity, myostatin, MSTN, calpain, ÑÀÐN, calpastatin, ÑÀSÒ, genetic polymorphism, SNP, genome editing.
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