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Soldatenko A.V., Buharov A.F., Baleev D.N., Ivanova M.I., Nazarov P.A., Razin O.A., Razin A.F. Impact of high temperature on growth of embryo and germination of heteromorphic seeds of Anethum graveolens L. (Apiaceae). Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2020, Vol. 55, № 5, p. 932-944.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2020.5.932eng

UDC: 635.758:581.16:581.48:57.04

 

IMPACT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF EMBRYO AND GERMINATION OF HETEROMORPHIC SEEDS OF Anethum graveolens L. (Apiaceae)

A.V. Soldatenko1 ✉, A.F. Buharov1, D.N. Baleev2, M.I. Ivanova1,
P.A. Nazarov3, O.A. Razin1, A.F. Razin1

1Federal Research Center for Vegetable Growing, 14, ul. Selektsionnaya, pos. VNIISSOK, Odintsovskii Region, Moscow Province, 143080 Russia, e-mail alex-soldat@mail.ru (corresponding author ✉), afb@mail.ru, ivanova_170@mail.ru, oleg.rasin@gmail.com, 777razin@rambler.ru;
2All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7, ul. Grina, Moscow, 117216 Russia, e-mail dbaleev@gmail.com;
3Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/40, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119992 Russia e-mail nazarovpa@gmail.com

ORCID:
Soldatenko A.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-6845
Nazarov P.A. orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-323X
Buharov A.F. orcid.org/0000-0002-1228-0594
Razin O.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-4844-938X
Baleev D.N. orcid.org/0000-0002-1228-0594
Razin A.F. orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-6774
Ivanova M.I. orcid.org/0000-0001-7326-2157

Received October 12, 2019

 

Heteromorphism is widespread in nature and manifests itself in the variation of various parameters of seeds within individual individuals and populations. Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seeds are characterized by heteromorphism caused by the maternal factor. First of all, the maternal factor effects on the size of the seeds, in this case a variation in the size of the embryo can be observed. The study of the reaction of such seeds to the action of abnormal weather conditions is an urgent task. High temperature is one of the unfavorable abiotic factors that plants can be exposed to at different stages of development. In the present study, a significant thermal sensitivity to the long-term effect of suboptimal (higher than the optimal) temperature of embryos from dill seeds, formed in inflorescences of the second order of branching, was revealed for the first time. Under the influence of high temperature, the growth of embryos was inhibited. As a result, germination of intact dill seeds obtained from second-order inflorescences was observed. This work is devoted to the study of the effect of high temperature on the growth of the embryo and the germination of intact dill seeds obtained from different orders of branching. The study aimed to determine the influence of the maternal factor, as well as high temperature on the growth of the embryo during germination and on the germination of intact dill seeds formed in inflorescences of different orders of branching. The research was conducted in 2015-2016 at the All-Russian Research Institute for Vegetable Growing, Branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, with the late-ripening dill variety Centaur seeds, formed in inflorescences of the first and second orders of branching. The seeds were obtained from dill plants grown in the open field. Harvesting was carried out on day 50 after flowering of 1st order umbrellas. The experiments were carried out in a temperature-controlled thermostat. To determine the critical temperature for the growth of the embryo during germination and germination rate of intact seeds formed in different orders of branching, a wide temperature range was applied, 20 °С as control, and 25, 30, 35 and 40 °С. Using the morphometric method of analysis, we studied the growth of the embryo, as well as the dynamics of the germination of intact seeds against the high temperatures background. The data obtained were used to calculate the parameters and plot the embryo growth curve, as well as the germination curve of intact seeds. Logistic regression was used to calculate the maximum suboptimal temperature at which embryo growth and seed germination are possible. On the basis of experimental data, we have shown that embryos, formed at different branching orders of the mother plant, have different stages of development. The initial dimensions of the embryo of the first branching order are 30 % higher than the second (p < 0.001). Under the action of a temperature of 30-35 °С, differences appeared in the thermal sensitivity of the embryos and the growth rate of the embryos. The effect of high temperatures is crucial for the growth of the embryo (57.0 %; F = 415.3, p < 0.001) and germination of dill seeds (37.2 %; F = 270.5, p < 0.001). The maximum temperature at which the growth is possible is 40±0.4 °C for the first-order embryo, and 38±0.5 °C for the second-order embryo (p < 0.001). The maximum temperature allowing for germination of at least 50 % of viable first-order seeds is 34±0.3 °С, for the second-order 30±0.4 °С (p < 0.001). The seeds are more sensitive to high temperatures than the embryos, and the growth of the embryo has a significant effect on seed germination (r = 0.946; t = 25.85; p < 0.001). Our studies have shown that the temperature sensitivity of second-order embryos, which is clearly manifested against the background of morphological underdevelopment, is one of the main reasons for the slow, inhomogeneous and incomplete germination of the dill seed population under suboptimal temperature conditions.

Keywords: Anethum graveolens L., embryo growth, heteromorphism, seed position, mother plant, seed germination, thermosensitivity.

 

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