doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.5.1025eng

UDC 635.52:631.81.095.337:581.1:58.035

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by Federal Special Program (project ¹ Ï283)

 

AGE-DEPENDENT MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES AND
BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Lactuca sativa L. PLANTS
INFLUENCED BY Se AND SOLAR RADIATION OF VARYING
INTENSITY

I.F. Golovatskaya, E.V. Boyko, A.N. Vidershpan, N.I. Laptev

National Research Tomsk State University, Biological Institute, 36, pr. Lenina, Tomsk, 634050 Russia, e-mail golovatskaya.irina@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), caterinasoloveva@gmail.com, van1303@mail.ru, experteco@mail.ru

ORCID:
Golovatskaya I.F. orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-1893
Vidershpan A.N. orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-6519
Boyko E.V. orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-872X
Laptev N.I. orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-3025
The authors declare no conflict of interests

Received April 10, 2017

 

Selenium, a micronutrient significantly involved in plant metabolism control, is also essential for human. Se regulates plant growth and protects plants from many adverse factors. The relevance of the issue is particularly high in biogeochemical provinces with selenium deficiency. Improvement of cultivation of greenhouse crops is also largely associated with optimization of the light regime. In this paper, we first reported on how selenite and selenate ions, in combination with intensity of UV-A + PAR, impact on growth and age-associated accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in Lañtuca sativa L. plants. These results will contribute to a better understanding of signaling elements involved in metabolic regulation. Prior to sowing, the seeds were treated with 4 % sodium selenite or sodium selenate in test and with water in control. Light intensity and spectral characteristics were changed by covering a greenhouse with polyethylene films F1 and F2 (for F2, the UV-A transmission was 40-50 % higher and PAR was 30-35 % higher as compared to F1). More insolation under F2 led to elevated content of leaf chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), and sugars in 60-day-old plants, thus promoting shoot development due to formation of more internodes (by 15 %) and higher stem weight compared to F1 (p < 0.05). Se + F1 intensified accumulation of carbohydrates and proteins, increased leaf area and caused the decline in ascorbic acid content, while F2 stimulated accumulation of ascorbic acid and flavonoids. Higher accumulation of leaf pigments (carotenoids, flavonoids and anthocyanins), lower carbohydrates in juvenile leaves under F2, and a greater number of leaf layers on a stem, due to synergic effect of light and Se, were peculiar of selenate action. Selenite + F1 led to higher content of carotenoids in juvenile leaves, whereas under selenite + F2 the level of ascorbic acid and flavonoids was higher in aging leaves. The highest content of reducing sugars (RS) and soluble proteins was in the mature leaves (layers 8 to 16) of control plants (F1). When solar radiation going up, a rise of RS level by 30 %, 45 % and 2.3 times occurred in aging leaves (layers 4-7), in adult leaves, and in young leaves (layers 17-21), respectively, while the protein content decreased in aging leaves (p < 0.05). Both SeO32- and SeO42- resulted in a higher level of RS and proteins in young leaves and kept this high in aging ones. The young and aging leaves of the control F1 plants differed in the content of flavonoids (Fla) 6-fold. Both selenium ions reduced the Fla level in mature and aging leaves by 20-30 % (p < 0.05), and SeO42- led to a 4-fold increase in Fla of young leaves (F1). Increasing solar radiation (F2) resulted in the decline of Fla content. SeO32- provided a higher Fla level in aging and mature leaves, whereas SeO42- enhanced Fla accumulation in young leaves. At a higher light intensity, SeO42- + F2 increased the carotenoids content by 76 %, while SeO32- + F1 ensured only a 60 % increase (p < 0.05). In increasing insolation, both selenium ions elevated the shoot dry weight and the content of low molecular antioxidants (ascorbic acid and Fla) in plants. Thus, our findings showed the dependence of plant growth and metabolism on specific forms of selenium under varying intensity of solar radiation. These biomarkers should be accounted while growing plants using selenium in different lighting conditions.

Keywords: Lactuca sativaL., sodium selenite, sodium selenate, solar radiation, carotenoids, reducing sugars, proteins, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, anthocyanins, primary and secondary metabolites.

 

Full article (Rus)

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