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Vertiprakhov V.G., Grozina A.A., Yildirim E.A., Gogina N.N., Kislova I.V., Ovchinnikova N.V., Koshcheyeva M.V. Efficacy of a complex preparation to correct digestion in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus L.) in experimental mycotoxicosis. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2022, Vol. 57, № 4, p. 730-742.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2022.4.730eng

UDC: 636.52/.58:619:616-099:591.1

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No 20-76-10003 “The study of the effects of T-2 and HT-2 toxins on digestion in birds, the development of diagnostic methods and the creation of a new comprehensive drug for the prevention of mycotoxicosis”

 

EFFICACY OF A COMPLEX PREPARATION TO CORRECT DIGESTION IN BROILER CHICKENS (Gallus gallus L.) IN EXPERIMENTAL MYCOTOXICOSIS

V.G. Vertiprakhov1✉, A.A. Grozina2, E.A. Yildirim3, 4, N.N. Gogina2,
I.V. Kislova2, N.V. Ovchinnikova2, M.V. Koshcheyeva2

1Timiryazev Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Agrarian Academy, 49, ul. Timiryazevskaya, Moscow, 127550 Russia, e-mail Vertiprakhov63@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author);
2Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute RAS, 10, ul. Ptitsegradskaya, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Province, 141311 Russia, e-mail alena_fisinina@mail.ru, n.n.gogina@mail.ru, irina.kislova1606198@yandex.ru, natalya.o90@mail.ru, vlk.733@mail.ru;
3JSC Biotrof+, 19, korp. 1, Zagrebskii bulv., St. Petersburg, 192284 Russia, e-mail deniz@biotrof.ru;
4Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2, lit A, Peterburgskoe sh., St. Petersburg—Pushkin, 196601 Russia

ORCID:
Vertiprakhov V.G. orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-7636
Kislova I.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-6399-6886
Grozina A.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-3088-0454
Ovchinnikova N.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-9877-2161
Yildirim E.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-4844
Koshcheyeva M.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-0744-1883
Gogina N.N. orcid.org/0000-0003-1937-286X

Received April 27, 2022

Mycotoxins have a negative effect on the health and productivity of farm animals. The main criterion for the diagnosis of mycotoxicoses in the absence of a pronounced clinical picture of the disease is the presence of toxins in the feed. Different preparations are used to prevent mycotoxicoses, but their effect on the bird organism has not been fully studied. In the present work, the peculiarities of digestive function, metabolism and haematological values in broiler chickens of Smena 8 cross from 34- to 48-days old when using protease combined with sorbent in the case of experimental mycotoxicosis caused by T-2 toxin were shown first. The investigation was aimed at determining the effect of sorbent Zaslon 2+ and enzyme preparation Axtra Pro on duodenal enzymes activity, protein metabolism and morphobiochemical blood parameters in broiler chickens of Smena 8 cross with chronic intestinal fistula in experimental mycotoxicosis caused by T-2 toxin. The experiments were performed according to requirements of the European Convention on protection of vertebrate animals used for experiments or other scientific purposes (ETS № 123, Strasburg, 1986). The broiler chickens were kept in the vivarium from 1- to 48-day-old chickens (All-Russian Research Institute for Scientific and Technical Studying of Poultry Farming, 2021) respecting the regime of feeding and keeping according to the requirements for the definite age group and cross of poultry. Surgical operations of fistula implantation into the duodenum were carried out on 25 birds at the age of 20-25 days. A cannula was implanted opposite the place where the pancreatic and bile ducts ran into the intestine. Five groups of 5 birds were formed of clinically healthy birds. each group was formed according to the principle of analogues: Group I (control) was kept on the basic diet (OR) without the addition of mycotoxins, experimental group II received OR + T-2 toxin (0,1 mg/kg) + sorbent Zaslon 2+ (BIOTROF, Ltd., Russia) (2 g/kg food), group III — OR + T-2 toxin (0.4 mg/kg) + Zaslon 2+ (2 g/kg food), group IV — OR + T-2 toxin (0.1 mg/kg) + Zaslon 2+ (2 g/kg food) + Axtra Pro enzyme (DuPont de Nemours, Inc., USA) (0,1 g/kg feed), group V — OR + T-2 toxin (0.4 mg/kg) + Zaslon2+ (2 g/kg feed) + Axtra Pro (0.1 g/kg feed). The feed was contaminated with T-2 toxin to MAC levels (groups II and IV) and 4 MAC levels (groups III and V) by mechanical means in compliance with personnel safety requirements. Standard T-2 toxin (powder with mass fraction of main substance 99.7±0.3 %; Romer Labs, Austria, LOT No. S17052T) was used. The preparation period lasted from 26- to 33-day-old birds, the experiment period lasted 14 days (from 34- to 48-day-old birds). Chyme (1.0-2.0 ml) and litter (5.0 g) samples were collected daily from each bird in the morning. Blood (2 ml) was taken 1 day before slaughter (at the age of birds 47 days) from the sub wing vein. When using Zaslon 2+ sorbent in combination with Axtra Pro protease to prevent mycotoxicosis, the enzymatic activity of duodenal chyme was increased compared with that of the basic preparation (sorbent): protease activity in duodenal contents by 15.5 % (p < 0.05), trypsin by 12.8 % (p < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase by 46.1 % (p < 0.05), total phosphorus content by 25.6 % (p < 0.05), at a toxin dose of 0.1mg/kg feed. amylase activity increased by 9.6 and 14.7 % at the dose of T-2 toxin 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively, compared with using a single sorbent. There was a statistically significant increase in total proteolytic activity, trypsin (at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg toxin), and lipase activity (at the dose of T-2 toxin 0.4 mg/kg). The activity of enzymes in the litter of birds of experimental groups did not increase compared to the control group, indicating the positive role of the preparations in normalizing digestion when using the toxic feed in the bird’s diet. The use of contaminated feed with T-2 toxin for 14 days adversely affected the state of protein metabolism, which was manifested in the reduction of nitrogen use by poultry in all experimental groups; there was also a negative trend in the availability of amino acids, especially when the toxin dose was 0.4 mg/kg. Biochemical blood parameters of broiler chickens in experimental mycotoxicosis showed impairment of protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as signs of stress response due to the action of the toxin on digestive organs (pancreas, liver).

Keywords: T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxicosis, broilers, chyme, droppings, digestive enzymes, feed additive Zaslon 2+, enzyme Axtra Pro.

 

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