doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.4.743eng

UDC 636.2:636.082:577.17

 

ENDOGENOUS HORMONE LEVEL IN BULL SIRES IN RELATION
TO AGE, AUTOIMMUNE STATUS, AND PRODUCTION
PERFORMANCE OF MATERNAL ANCESTORS

A.I. Abilov1, O.S. Mityashova1, S.V. Mymrin2, A.A. Gudilina2,
E.A. Pyzhova3, N.A. Kombarova1, 4, G.N. Levina1

1Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry,Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, 60, pos. Dubrovitsy, Podolsk District, Moscow Province, 142132 Russia, e-mail ahmed.abilov@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), mityashova_o@mail.ru, gnlevina@yandex.ru;
2Uralplemcentr OAO, 21 km, Siberian tract, Ekaterinburg, 620913 Russia, e-mail uralplem@mail.ru;
3Russian Academy of Livestock Management, 9, ul. Akademicheskaya, pos. Bykovo, Podolsk Region, Moscow Province, 142143 Russia, e-mail elena@ramj.ru;
4Head Center for Reproduction of Farm Animals AO, 3, ul. Tsentralnaya, pos. Bykovo, Podolsk Region, Moscow Province, 142143 Russia, e-mail komnina@list.ru

ORCID:
Abilov A.I. orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-8634
Pyzhova E.A. orcid.org/0000-0001-5719-3075
Mityashova O.S. orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-5088
Kombarova N.A. orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-4465
Mymrin S.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-984Õ
Levina G.N. orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-6696
Gudilina A.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-5315
The authors declare no conflict of interests

Received April 11, 2018

 

The role of sex steroid hormones, their physiological functions in the bull sires, and mechanism of action are not still completely elucidated. This paper is the first report of a large-scale survey that we carried out among bull sires under the ecological conditions of Ural region to estimate production of endogenous hormones estradiol and testosterone, and their precursor cholesterol, as depending on the bull age, origin (Denmark, Netherlands, Russia, the USA, France, and Germany), the milk performance of their maternal ancestors, and the titers of anti-sperm antibodies. The relationship between the endogenous hormones and the studied parameters is ascertained, and it is found that the synthesis of steroid sex hormones is sustainable even at low level of blood cholesterol. Our objective was to assay concentration of blood hormones and the titers of anti-sperm antibodies in 56 bull sires including 49 Black-and-White Holsteins and 7 Black-and-White animals of different origin aged from 24 to 91 months which are exploited in the Ural Regional Information and Breeding Center (UralPlemCenter, Sverdlovsk Province, 2016-2017). The blood serum hormones were measured by ELISA with testosterone Immuna-FA-TC and Immuna-FA-Estradiol kits (Immunotech, Russia). The ratios of testosterone to estradiol were calculated. The cholesterol level was assayed with a ChemWell 2902 automated analyzer (Awareness Technology, Inc., USA). The autoantibody titers were detected in the sperm immobilization test with blood auto serum of the bull sires and guinea pig serum complement. The obtained results were processed depending on the country of origin, the bull age, and the retrospective data on milk productivity of the bulls’ mothers (M), the mothers’ mothers (MM), and the fathers’ mothers (FM). The highest (30.7 nmol/l) and the lowest (13.4 nmol/l and 10.7 nmol/l) concentrations of testosterone had the Danish, Holland and French bull sires, respectively. It is found that the testosterone level was rising to five-year age and eventually reached 26.9 nmol/l vs. 9.6 nmol/l in two-year old animals. The blood concentrations of testosterone and estradiol inversely correlated. The testosterone to estradiol ratio significantly varied (P < 0.001). The lowest testosterone concentration (15.4 nmol/l) was in hyperestrogenization, and the indicator value reached 25.1 nmol/l in the animals with low estrogens. The testosterone to estradiol ratio (T/E) increased with the age, from 0.4 at 28 months of age up to 19.3 at 50 months, by a statistically significant value (P < 0.001). No significant relationship was revealed between the endogenous hormone concentrations in the bulls and the milk performance of their maternal ancestors, except some effect of the father’s mothers with milk yield of 12000 to 16000 kg. An increase in the sperm autoantibody titer was accompanied by the decreases in the serum testosterone and estradiol levels by 37.9 % and 4.6 %, respectively. The cholesterol level increased by 13.7 %. Changes between the groups were within the normative range. Therefore, the concentration of the endogenous hormones (testosterone and estradiol) depends on the sire age and origin. The test for anti-sperm antibodies during clinical andrological examination is diagnostically important to indirectly characterize the hormonal status of sires.

Keywords: bull sires, testosterone, estradiol, cholesterol, anti-sperm antibodies.

 

Full article (Rus)

Full article (Eng)

 

REFERENCES

  1. Dluzen D.E. Estrogen, testosterone, and gender differences. Endocrine, 2005, 27(3): 259-267 CrossRef
  2. Hess R.A. Estrogen in the adult male reproductive tract: a review. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 2003, 1: 52 CrossRef
  3. Köhn F.M. Testosterone and body functions. Aging Male, 2006, 9(4): 183-188 CrossRef
  4. Walker W.H. Testosterone signaling and the regulation of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis, 2011, 1(2): 116-120 CrossRef
  5. Kumanov P., Nandipati K., Tomova A., Agarwal A. Inhibin B is a better marker of spermatogenesis than other hormones in the evaluation of male factor infertility. Fertil. Steril., 2006, 86(2): 332-338 CrossRef
  6. Hammond G.L. Diverse roles for sex hormone-binding globulin in reproduction. Biol. Reprod., 2011, 85(3): 431-441 CrossRef
  7. Grasa M.D., Gulfo J., Camps N., Alcalá R., Monserrat L., Moreno-Navarrete J.M., Ortega F.J., Esteve M.3, Remesar X., Fernández-López J.A., Fernández-Real J.M., Alemany M. Modulation of SHBG binding to testosterone and estradiol by sex and morbid obesity. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 2017, 176(4): 393-404 CrossRef
  8. Rochira V., Madeo B., Diazzi C., Zirilli L., Daniele S., Carani C. Estrogens and male reproduction. Available https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278933/. Accessed August 11, 2018.
  9. Nieschlag E., Nieschlag S. Testosterone deficiency: a historical perspective. Asian J. Androl., 2014, 16(2): 161-168 CrossRef
  10. McBride J.A., Carson C.C., Coward R.M. Diagnosis and management of testosterone deficiency. Asian. J. Androl., 2015, 17(2): 177-186 CrossRef
  11. Okuda Y., Fujisawa M., Matsumoto O., Kamidono S. Testosterone dependent regulation of the enzymes involved in DNA synthesis in the rat ventral prostate. The Journal of Urology, 1991, 145(1): 188-191 CrossRef
  12. Bain J. The many faces of testosterone. Clin. Interv. Aging, 2007, 2(4): 567-576.
  13. Kalinchenko S.Yu., Tyuzikov I.A. Prakticheskaya andrologiya [Practical andrology]. Moscow, 2009 (in Russ.).
  14. Tyuzikov I.A., Kalinchenko S.Yu., Vorslov L.O., Tishova Yu.A. Andrologiya i genital'naya khirurgiya, 2014, 4: 8-12 (in Russ.).
  15. McLachlan J.A. Environment signaling: what embryos and evolution teach us about endocrine disrupting chemicals. Endocr. Rev., 2001, 22(3): 319-341 CrossRef
  16. Araujo A.B., Wittert G.A. Endocrinology of the aging male. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2011, 25(2): 303-319 CrossRef
  17. Miura T., Higuchi M., Ozaki Y., Ohta T., Miura C. Progestin is an essential factor for the initiation of the meiosis in spermatogenetic cells of the eel. PNASUSA, 2006, 103(19): 7333-7338 CrossRef
  18. Brockett C.C., Presicce G.A., Foote R.H., Kaproth M.T., Rycroft H.E. Semen quality and behavior of Holstein bulls exposed to estradiol-treated bulls for mounts. J. Dairy Sci., 1994, 77(1): 124-131.
  19. Abilov A.I., Eskin G.V., Kombarova N.A. Blood estradiol level in bull sires influences sperm count and effectiveness of artificial insemination. Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2016, 51(6): 830-836 CrossRef
  20. Gates M.A., Mekary R.A., Chiu G.R. Ding E.L., Wittert G.A., Araujo A.B. Sex steroid hormone levels and body composition in men. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab., 2013, 98(6): 2442-2450 CrossRef
  21. Fejes I., Koloszár S., Závaczki Z., Daru J., Szöllösi J., Pál A. Effect of body weight on testosterone/estradiol ratio in oligozoospermic patients. Arch. Androloigy, 2006, 52(2): 97-102 CrossRef
  22. Kadioglu P., Oral G., Sayitoglu M., Erensoy N., Senel B., Gazioglu N., Sav A., Cetin G., Ozbek U. Aromatase cytochrome P450 enzyme expression in human pituitary. Pituitary, 2008, 11(1): 29-35 CrossRef
  23. Braunstein G.D. Gynecomastia. New Engl. J. Med., 2007, 357(12): 1229-1237 CrossRef
  24. Qin D.-D., Yuan W., Zhou W.-J., Cui Y.-Q., Wu J.-Q., Gao E.-S. Do reproductive hormones explain the association between body mass index and semen quality Asian J. Androl., 2007, 9(6): 827-834 CrossRef
  25. Heidary F., Kholghi M., Rostam Zade Y. Analysis of the effect of blood testosterone on sex chromosome ratio in Holstein cattle. Reproduction in domestic animals. Proc. 18 Annual Conference of the European Society for Domestic animal reproduction (ESDAR). Helsinki, Finland, 2014, V. 49, Supplement 3: 71.
  26. Chacur M.G.M., Mizusaki K.T., Gabriel Filho L.R.A., Oba E., Ramos A.A. Seasonal effects on semen and testosterone in Zebu and Taurine bulls. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2013, 41: pub. 1110.
  27. Javed M.T., Abrar K., Mumtaz A. Influence of season on seminal plasma testosterone and oestrogen in healthy and abnormal bulls and their relationship with other semen parameters. Veterinary Archive, 2000, 70(3): 141-149.
  28. Kozumplik J. The level of plasma testosterone during the prenatal and postnatal period of development in bulls. Acta Vet. Brno, 1981, 50: 27-32 CrossRef
  29. Amerkhanov Kh.A., Abilov A.I., Eskin G.V., Kombarova N.A., Turbina I.S., Fedorova E.V., Varenikov M.V., Gusev I.V. Concentration of testosterone and cholesterol in blood serum of servicing bulls depending on their type of productivity, age and the season. Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2014, 2: 59-66 CrossRef (in Russ.).
  30. Delbes G., Hales B.F., Robaire B. Toxicant and human sperm chromatin integrity. Mol. Hum. Reprod., 2010, 16(1): 14-22.
  31. Amstislavskii S.Ya., Eroshenko V.P. Ontogenez, 2000, 31: 165-177 (in Russ.).
  32. Sharpe R.M., Skakkebaek N.E. Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? Lancet, 1993, 341(8857): 1392-1395 CrossRef
  33. Davis D.L., Cottlieb M.B., Stampnitzky J.R. Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrialised countries. A sentinel health indicator? JAMA, 1998, 279(13): 1018-1023 CrossRef
  34. Roberts M., Peters A. Is testosterone immunosuppressive in a condition-dependent manner? An experimental test in blue tits. J. Exp. Biol., 2009, 212(Pt 12):1811-1818 CrossRef
  35. Roberts M.L., Buchanan K.L., Evans M.R., Marin R.H., Satterlee D.G. The effects of testosterone on immune function in quail selected for divergent plasma corticosterone response. J. Exp. Biol., 2009, 212(19): 3125-3131 CrossRef
  36. Abilov A.I., Amerkhanov Kh.A., Eskin G.V., Fedorova E.V., Zhavoronkova N.V., Kombarova N.A., Varennikov M.V. Zootekhniya, 2013, 9: 25-28 (in Russ.).
  37. Gzgzyan A.M. Autoimmunnyi gipogonadizm (patogenez, diagnostika, printsipy lecheniya). Avtoreferat doktorskoi dissertatsii [Autoimmune hypogonadism (pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment principles). PhD Thesis]. St. Petersburg, 2008 (in Russ.).
  38. Mymrin V.S., Khalturina L.V., Shkuratova I.A., Ryaposova M.V. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo, 2012, 4: 7-9 (in Russ.).
  39. Khalturina L.V. Agrarnyi vestnik Urala, 2012, 9(101): 22-21 (in Russ.).

 

back