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doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2019.3.512eng

UDC: 633.18:581.1:631.547

 

CHEMICALS-BASDED REGULATION OF LEAVES-TO-GRAINS OUTFLOW OF ASSIMILATES TO ENHANCE YIELDS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER CONDITIONS OF ITS NORTHERN AREA

A.Kh. Sheudzhen1, 2, T.N. Bondareva1, 2, P.N. Kharchenko3, I.A. Doroshev2

1All-Russian Rice Research Institute, 3, Belozernii, Krasnodar, Russia 350921, e-mail a_kh_sheudjen@mail.ru, bondarevatatjna@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author);
2Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, 13, ul. Kalinina, Krasnodar, 350044 Russia, e-mail doroshev@kmvh.ru;
3All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 42, ul. Timiryazevskaya, Moscow, 127550 Russia, e-mail iab@iab.ac.ru

ORCID:
Sheudzen A.Kh. orcid.org/0000-0001-5116-197X
Kharchenko P.N. orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-0531
Bondareva1T.N. orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-2236
Doroshev I.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-968X

Received January 21, 2019

 

Rice is mainly produced in countries with a favorable climate for culture, lying between the equator and 45° latitude, but in recent years, interest in expanding of rice-growing to the north increases. In Russia, the terrotory of rice growing in Krasnodar region is located at the northern border of the crop area. For this reason, in certain years ripening of rice coincides with unfavorable weather conditions that cause an increase in the growing period, which leads to a decrease in the productivity of plants, delay in harvesting and losses of a significant part of the yield. In this regard, there is a need to develop ways to accelerate ripening without reducing the productivity of plants. Such a technique is artificial leaf senescence, a purposeful regulation of metabolism at the final stages of plant development with the use of chemicals. Artificial senescence should be used in case of delayed ripening, which is most often observed in late crops (due to postponement of sowing because of weather conditions), thinned crops or crops receiving excessive nitrogen nutrition. Although at the present time, this technique is little used, mainly due to the long warm period in the long-term cycle of temperature fluctuations, the probability of a period with adverse weather conditions for ripening and harvesting rice in the coming years is high. The effectiveness of this method depends on the composition of the chemical agents, on the terms of treatment and the weather conditions. In addition, to apply this technology to modern rice varieties, it is necessary to estimate its effectiveness and adjust relevant protocols regarding the grain ripening peculiarities. In the present work, we compared some physiological indices of the modern Russian intensive rice variety Khazar plants during ripening, as well as the yield structure and total yielding, as influenced by the composition and timing of the chemicals used under different weather conditions during three years of the observation. It was shown, that the most suitable chemicals are aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate (15 kg/ha) with the addition of manganese (400 g/ha) or selenium (200 g/ha). Modified selenium solution should be used if it is necessary to start harvesting in 14-20 days. Treatment of plants with a solution modified by manganese stimulates the synthesis and attraction of assimilates in the grain, which is accompanied by a not so rapid completion of ontogenesis, but a significant increase in yield. The treatment of rice crops should be carried out during the stage of milk-wax ripeness of the grain. In the “cold” years, this technilogue allows faster (by 5-6 days) and more (up 0.69-7.39 %) loss of panicle moisture compared to untreted control plants, but also increases yield by 4.2-9.3 %. In the years with favorable weather conditions for rice ripening, artificial senescence provides slight decrease in panicle moisture (by 0.66-2.78 %), but greater increase in yielding (by 7.88-14.73 %). The study of the mechanism of the observed effects can broaden our knowledge about the crop biology and varietal specificity and can be useful in developing technologies for adapting rice plants to north-growing with the use of a new generation chemicals which should be safe for humans and the environment, and in breeding for accelerated maturation under the northern conditions.

Keywords: Oryza sativa L., rice, artificial senescence, accelerated maturation, foliar application, urea, ammonium nitrate, Mn, Se.

 

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