doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2014.3.40eng
UDC 634+635.9]:581.1:581.19(213.14:470.620)
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL APPROACHES IN STUDING ADAPTATION MECHANISMS OF SUBTROPICAL, FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL CROPS GROWN IN RUSSIAN SUBTROPICS
A.V. Ryndin, O.G. Belous, V.I. Malyarovskaya, Z.V. Pritula, Yu.S. Abilfazova, A.M. Kozhevnikova
All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
2/28, ul. Yana Fabriciusa, Sochi, 354002 Russia,
e-mail supk@vniisubtrop.ru, malyarovskaya@mail.ru
Received March 24, 2014
A problem of assessing the sustainability in crops, for which the humid subtropical zone of Russia is quite favorable, has a great value since there are a lot of stress factors (for example droughts, high or low temperatures, fogs etc.) due to climatic features of the region. For the first time we have carried out a 20-year comprehensive study of physiological and biochemical responses of plants, their organs, tissues and systems to the effect of abiotic stressors with the aim to identify some specific adaptation mechanisms of subtropical, southern fruit and ornamental crops as well as tea to the environment. This paper reports the peculiarities in water regime and photosynthetic apparatus (basic physiological functions), activity of catalase enzyme and carotenoid content (protective components in plants’ oxidant-antioxidant system). As a result, there were selected some physiological and biochemical parameters (quantity of water scarcity, concentration of cell sap, catalase activity, carotenoids content, etc.), which allowed to estimate the crop state and resistance to abiotic stressorsin Corylus pontica C. Koch, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Actinidia deliciosa Chevalier, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, beautifully-blossoming shrubs Hydrangea macrophylla Ser., Weigela ×wagneri L.H. Bailey, etc. The regularities in changing physiological parameters as a response to the impact of adverse conditions are identified; the criteria, scales and methodology are proposed for assessing adaptive capacity of the studied cultures. Specific features of the dynamics of photosynthetic pigments accumulation for all the cultures are studied; the dependence of this process on the main regional factors was revealed; the parameters of water regime and drought resistance coefficients are determined; the influence of hydrothermal factors on enzyme activity is identified, as well as correlation between enzyme activity and abiotic environmental factors; the effect of microelements on increase of plants adaptive properties (for example, tea) was determined. As a result, there were developed some recommendations on micronutrients foliar feeding for young tea plantations and mature tea plants, as well as on the diagnostics of plants micronutrient requirements, on the application of sustainability indicators of tea plants to stress factors, and on evaluation of H. macrophylla Ser. drought resistance. The most adaptive cultivars of subtropical, southern fruit, ornamental crops and tea are identified and recommended for growing. They are characterized by increased resistance to stress factors in humid subtropics of Russia (for kiwi — Monty cultivar, for filbert — President cultivar originated by All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops; for peach — Donetskii zheltii, Medin Red, Earley Red, Earley Blow, Larisa, Slavutich and Redhaven; for H.macrophylla — Mariesii Perfecta, Draps Wonder и Madame Maurice Hamard. The data obtained relate to the fundamental physiological bases of adaptation to stress conditions, and in particular to plant adaptive features in specific conditions of Russian subtropics.
Keywords: filbert Corylus pontica C. Koch, peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, kiwi Actinidia deliciosa Chevalier, tea Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Hydrangea macrophylla Ser., abiotic stressors, enzymes, catalase, pigments, microelements.
REFERENCES
1. Abil'fazova Yu.S. Adaptivnyi potentsial persika v subtropikakh Rossii. Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya «Dendrologiya, tsvetovodstvo i sadovo-parkovoe stroitel'stvo» [Proc. Int. Conf. «Dendrology, Floriculture, and Garden and Park Constructing». V. 1]. Yalta, 2012, tom 1: 159.
2. Belous O.G. Biologicheskie osobennosti kul'tury chaya v usloviyakh vlazhnykh subtropikov Rossii. Avtoreferat doktorskoi dissertatsii [Biological peculiarities of cultivated tea plants in humid subtropics of Russia. Dsc Thesis]. Krasnodar, 2009.
3. Klemeshova K.V. Adaptivnyi potentsial aktinidii sladkoi (Actinidia deliciosa Chevalier) v usloviyakh vlazhnykh subtropikov Rossii. Avtoreferat kandidatskoi dissertatsii [Adaptive potential of Actinidia deliciosa Chevalier in humid subtropics of Russia. PhD Thesis]. Krasnodar, 2012.
4. Kozhevnikova A.M. Fiziologo-biokhimicheskaya kharakteristika sortov funduka (Sorylus pontica S. Koch) v usloviyakh vlazhnykh subtropikov Rossii. Avtoreferat kandidatskoi dissertatsii [Physiological and biochemical traits of Sorylus pontica S. Koch in humid subtropics of Russia. PhD Thesis]. Krasnodar, 2013.
5. Malyarovskaya V.I. Ekologo-biologicheskie osobennosti gidrangei krupnolistnoi (Hydrangea macrophylla Ser.) v usloviyakh vlazhnykh subtropikov Rossii. Avtoreferat kandidatskoi dissertatsii [Ecobiological peculiarities of Hydrangea macrophylla Ser. in humid subtropics of Russia. PhD Thesis]. Krasnodar, 2011.
6. Ryndin A.V., Mokhno V.S. V sbornike nauchnykh trudov: Subtropicheskoe i dekorativnoe sadovodstvo [In: Subtropical and landscape gardening. Issue 45]. Sochi, 2011, vypusk 45: 140-148.
7. Kozin V.K., Gabitov R.K. V sbornike nauchnykh trudov:110 let v subtropikakh Rossii [In: 110 years in the Russian subtropics. Issue 39]. Sochi, 2004, vypusk 39, chast' II: 233-242.
8. Selyaninov G.T. Perspektivy subtropicheskogo khozyaistva SSSR v svyazi s prirodnymi usloviyami [Prospects for subtropical agriculture in the USSR as related to natural conditions]. Leningrad, 1961.
9. Sapiev A.M., Vorontsov V.V., Koblyakov V.V. Subtropicheskoe sadovodstvo Rossii [Subtropical horticulture in Russia]. Moscow, 1997.
10. Porsev I.N., Karpova S.G. V sbornike: Nauchnye rezul'taty — agropromyshlennomu proizvodstvu [In: Science serves agriculture. V. 1]. Kurgan, 2004, tom 1: 307-310.
11. Emel'yanov L.G. Vodoobmen i stress-ustoichivost' rastenii [Water exchange and stress resistance in plants]. Minsk, 1992.
12. Kushnirenko M.D., Pecherskaya S.N. Fiziologiya vodoobmena i zasukhoustoichivosti rastenii [Physiology of water exchange and drought resistance in plants]. Kishinev, 1991.
13. Goncharenko E.A. Vodnyi status kul'turnykh rasteniii ego diagnostika /Pod redaktsiei V.A. Dragavtseva [Water status of cultivated plants and its estimation. V.A. Dragavtsev (ed.)]. St. Petersburg, 2005.
14. Ozernyuk N.D., Nechaev S.K. Izvestiya AN, seriya Biologicheskaya, 2002, 4: 457-462.
15. Chupakhina G.N., Maslennikov P.V., Skrypnik L.N., Besserezhnova M.I. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, seriya Biologiya, 2012, 2(18): 171-185.
16. Zotikova A.P., Vorob'eva N.A., Sobolevskaya Yu.S. Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta, 2001, 2(II): 67-69.
17. Karnaukhov V.N. Biologicheskie funktsii karotinoidov [Biological function of carotenoids]. Moscow, 1988.
18. Gudkovskii V.A., Kashirskaya N.Ya., Tsukanova E.M. Doklady RASKHN, 2000, 5: 5-7.
19. Gudkovskii V.A., Kashirskaya N.Ya., Tsukanova E.M. V sbornike nauchnykh trudov: Nauchnye osnovy sadovodstva [In: Scientific bases of horticulture]. Voronezh, 2005: 9-31.
20. Baraboi V.A. Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii, 1991, 3: 923-931.
21. Scandalios J.G. Oxidative stress: molecular per-ception and transduction of signals triggering anti-oxidant gene defenses. Braz. J. Med. and Biol. Res., 2005, 38(7): 995-1014.
22. Asada K. Oxidative stress and the molecular biology of antioxidant defenses. NY, Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 1997: 715-735.
23. Keniya M.V., Lukash A.I., Gus'kov E.P. Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii, 1993, 113(4): 456-470.
24. Aver'yanov A.A. Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii, 1991, 111(5): 722-737.
25. Kosulina L.G., Lutsenko E.K., Aksenova V.A. Fiziologiya ustoichivosti rastenii k neblagopriyatnym faktoram sredy [Physiology of plant resistance to unfavorable environment]. Rostov-na-Donu, 1993.
26. Alscher R.G., Donahue J.L., Cramer C.L. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant: relationships in green cells. Physiologia Plantarum, 1997, 100(2): 224-233. CrossRef
27. Zhukova L.A., Voskresenskaya O.L., Grosheva N.P. Ekologiya, 1996, 2: 104-110.
28. Anan'ina V.M., Zholkevich V.N. Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2003, 1: 120-124.
29. Pendias K.A., Pendias Kh. Mikroelementy v pochvakh i rasteniyakh [Microelements in soils and plants]. Moscow, 1989.
30. Zubkova V.M. Osobennosti nakopleniya i raspredeleniya tyazhelykh metallov v sel'skokhozyaistvennykh kul'turakh i vliyanie udobrenii na ikh povedenie v sisteme pochva—rastenie. Avtoreferat doktotskoi dissertatsii [Peculiarities of heavy metal accumulation and distribution in cultivated plants, and an influence of fertilizers to heavy metal behavior in the soil—plant system. DSc Thesis. Moscow, 2004]. Moscow, 2004.
31. Ivoilov A.B., Kopylov V.I., Bessonova M.N. Agrokhimiya, 2002, 4: 23-31.
32. Stef D.S., Gergen I., Trasca T.I., Stef L., Rivis A., Heghedus M.G., Bordean D. The influence of level and source of microelements on the antioxidant activity of medicinal herbs. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 2010, 15(5): 5611-5617.
33. Mihali C., Michnea A., Oprea G.M., Gogoasa I., Pop C., Senila M., Gri-gor L. Trace element contents in soil and vegetables around the lead smelter in Baia Mare, NW Romania. J. Food Agr. Environ., 2012, 10(1): 828-834.
34. Agrokhimicheskie metody issledovaniya pochv [Agrochemical tests in soil investigations]. Moscow, 1975.
35. Pochinok Kh.N. Metody biokhimicheskogo analiza rastenii [Biochemical methods for plant analysis]. Kiev, 1976.
36. Praktikum po fiziologii rastenii /Pod redaktsiei I.I. Gunara [Practical works on plant physiology. I.I. Gunar (ed.)]. Moscow, 1972.
37. Programma i metodika sortoizucheniya plodovykh, yagodnykh i orekhoplodnykh kul'tur /Pod redaktsiei E.N. Sedova, T.P. Ogol'tsovoi [Program and technique for estimation of fruit, berry and nut varieties. E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogol’tsova (eds.)]. Orel, 1999.
38. Baslavskaya S.S., Trubetskova O.M. Praktikum po fiziologii rastenii [Practical works on plant physiology]. Moscow, 1964.
39. Gunar I.I. Praktikum po fiziologii rastenii [Practical works on plant physiology]. Moscow, 1972.
40. Kushnirenko M.D., Kurchatov G.I., Shtefyrtse A.A., Pecherskaya S.N., Bashtovaya S.I., Kryukova E.V. Ekspress-metod diagnostiki zharozasukhoustoichivosti i srokov poliva rastenii [Express test for estimation of plant heat and drought resistance, and watering time]. Kishinev, 1986.
41. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po provedeniyu vnutrilaboratornogo kontrolya kachestva analizov kormov i rastenii [Manual guide for laboratory control of fodder and plant analysis]. Moscow, 1985.
42. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po opredeleniyu mikroelementov v pochvakh, kormakh i rasteniyakh metodom atomno-absorbtsionnoi spektroskopii [Manual guide for atomic absorption spectroscopy of microelements in soil, fodder and plants]. Moscow, 1985.
43. Makhno V.G. Osobennosti tsveteniya i plodonosheniya funduka v usloviyakh Krasnodarskogo kraya [Flowering and fruiting characteristics of hazelnut in Krasnodarskii krai]. Makharadze, 1977.
44. Belous O.G., Pritula Z.V. Subtropicheskie kul'tury, 2010, 1(4): 98-101.
45. Tsagareli M.L., Pruidze G.N. Subtropicheskie kul'tury, 1990, 3: 46-49.
46. Malyarovskaya V.I., Belous O.G. V sbornike nauchnykh trudov: Subtropicheskoeidekorativnoesadovodstvo [In: Subtropical and landscape gardening. Issue 47]. Sochi, 2012, vypusk 47: 228-246.
47. Budagovskii A.V., Budagovskaya O.N., Pritula Z.V., Belous O.G., Abil'fazova Yu.S. Sposob diagnostiki potrebnosti rastenii v mikroelementnom pitanii. Patent RU 2225691 C2 ot 5 aprelya 2002. Opub. 20.03.2004. Byul. № 8 [Diagnostics of plant needs in microelements. Patent RU 2225691 C2 of April 5, 2002. Published March 20, 2004. Bulletin № 8].
48. Belous O.G., Ryndin A.V., Pritula Z.V. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po primeneniyu diagnosticheskikh pokazatelei ustoichivosti rastenii chaya k stress-faktoram [Application of diagnostic parameters of tea plant resistance to stress: Recommendations]. Sochi, 2009.
49. Tuov M.T., Belous O.G., Pritula Z.V. V sbornike nauchnykh trudov: Subtropicheskoe i dekorativnoe sadovodstvo [In: Subtropical and landscape gardening. Issue 44]. Sochi, 2011, vypusk 44: 109-114.
50. Belous O.G., Pritula Z.V. Rekomendatsii po vnekornevoi podkormke mikroelementami rastenii chaya (dlya molodykh chainykh plantatsii) [Foliar fertilizing of young tea plants with microelements: Recommendations]. Moscow, 2003.
51. Belous O.G., Pritula Z.V. Rekomendatsii po vnekornevoi podkormke mikroelementami polnovozrastnykh rastenii chaya [Foliar fertilizing of mature tea plants with microelements: Recommendations]. Sochi, 2010.
