doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2014.3.77eng
UDC 633.11:631.522/.524:576.3
CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF SYNTHETIC WHEATS FROM NATIONAL SMALL GRAIN COLLECTION OF USDA-ARS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NECHERNOZEMNAYA ZONE OF RUSSIA
I.F. Lapochkina, I.V. Iordanskaya, G.L. Yachevskaya, Adkham Al Labban
Moscow Research Institute of Agriculture «Nemchinovka», Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
1, ul. Kalinina, r.p. Novoivanovskoe, Odintsovo Region, Moscow Province, 143026 Russia,
e-mail inna-lapochkina@yandex.ru
Received January 21, 2013
CIMMYT collection of synthetic wheats is widely used in breeding programs in many countries due to easy hybridization with domestic varieties, which enhances positive effects in the hybrids. In Russia this collection has never been checked for plant resistance to diseases or used for breeding. We investigated 400 samples of synthetic wheats, obtained in 2009 from National Small Grains Collection (NSGC USDA-ARS, Idaho, USA) to be tested in Nechernozemnaya zone of Russia under brown rust and mildew infection. During 2 years the high-yielding samples were found which were resistant to brown rust, to mildew, and to both pathogens. Nevertheless, the plant response to brown rust attack differed, and the segregation was observed on morphological parameters of ears, leaves and stems. To elucidate why the instability appears, the chromosome conjugation in meiosis was examined and a meiotic index was calculated in 71 synthetic wheats. It was shown that only 63 % of the samples were cytogenetically stable. In the remaining samples the chromosome number varied from 2n = 40 to 2n = 43, and different abnormalities (univalents and multivalents) were observed in meiotic metaphase I. Usually in these plants the meiotic index was lower. It is concluded that in the collection a genetic stabilization is still continuing by the appearance of aneuploids. For further genetic and breeding investigations, there are selected the forms with stable cytogenetic parameters, disease resistance and good yielding components (weight per 1000 kernels up to 56 g, and grain yield per ear up to 2.5 g).
Keywords: synthetic hexaploid wheats, wheat collection, meiosis.
REFERENCES
1. Kihara H. Discovery of the DD analyser, one of the ancestors of Triticum vulgare. Agricultural Horticulture, 1944, 19: 889-890.
2. McFadden E.S., Sears E.R. The artificial synthesis of Triticum spelta. Rec. Genet. Soc. Am., 1944, 13: 26-27.
3. McFadden E.S., Sears E.R. The origin of Triticum spelta and its free-threshing hexaploid relatives. J. Hered., 1946, 37: 81-89.
4. Tsitsin N.V. Otdalennaya gibridizatsiya rastenii [Distant hybridization]. Moscow, 1954.
5. Lapchenko G.D. Selektsiya i semenovodstvo, 1967, 2: 33-38.
6. Cox T.S., Sears R.G., Bequette R.K., Martin T.J. Germplasm enhancement in winter wheat × Triticum tauschii backcross populations. Crop Sci., 1995, 35: 913-919.
7. Mujeeb-Kazi A., Rosas V., Roldan S. Conservation of the genetic variation of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmalh. (Aegilops squarrosa auct. non L.) in synthetic hexaploid wheats (T. turgidum L.s.lat. × Triticum tauschii; 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) and its potential utilization for wheat improvement. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 1996, 43: 129-134.
8. Eastwood R.F., Lagudah E.S., Appels R., Hannah M., Kollmorgen J.F. Triticum tauschii: a novel source of resistance to cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae). Aust. J. Agr. Res., 1991, 42: 69-77. CrossRef
9. Dreccer F.M., Borgognone G.M., Ogbonnaya F.C., Trethowan R.M., Winter B. CYMMYT-selected derived synthetic bread wheats for rainfed environments: yield evaluation in Mexico and Australia. Field Crop. Res., 2007, 100: 218-228. CrossRef
10. Yang W., Liu D., Li J., Zhang L., Wei H., Hu X., Zheng Y., He Z., Zou Y. Synthetic hexaploid wheat and its utilization for wheat genetic improvement in China. J. Genet. Genomics, 2009, 36(9): 539-546. CrossRef
11. Warburton M.L., Crossa J., Franco J., Kazi M., Trethowan R., Rajaram S., Pfeiffer W., Zhang P., Dreisigacker S., Van Ginkel M. Bringing wild relatives back into the family: recovering genetic diversity in CIMMYT improved wheat germplasm. Euphytica (on-line), 2006. CrossRef
12. Zwart R.S., Bansal U.K., Thompson J.P., Williamson P.M., Bariana H.S. QTL mapping of multiple disease resistance traits in a synthetic hexaploid bread wheat population. Proc. 11th Int. Wheat Genetic Symposium. Brisbane, 2008: 1-3.
13. Lapochkina I.F., Adkham Al' Labban, Makarova I.Yu., Gainullin N.R., Zhemchuzhina A.I.. Izvestiya TSKHA, 2011, 6: 39-48.
14. Adkham Al' Labban, Mineeva V.A., Lapochkina I.F. Teoreticheskie i prikladnye problemy agropromyshlennogo kompleksa, 2011, 4: 35-40.
15. Masoumeh Rezaei, Ahmad Arzani, Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed-Tabata-baei. Meiotic behavior of tetraploid wheats (Triticum turgidum L.) and their synthetic hexaploid wheat derivates influenced by meiotic restitution and heat stress. J. Genet., 2010, 89(4): 401-407.
16. Yatsko V.P., Yachevskaya G.L., Panina E.B., Fedorova T.N. Tsitologiya i genetika, 1972, 6(3): 253-258.
17. Mains E.B., Jackson H.S. Phytopathology, 1926, 16(1): 89-120.
18. Dospekhov B.A. Metodika polevogo opyta [Methods of field trials]. Moscow, 1979.
