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doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2019.2.269eng

UDC: 636.5:591.3:57.044

 

HISTOBIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFECT OF A COMBINATION OF SOME NATURAL METABOLITES ON GENERAL RESISTANCE IN EGG CHICKS

I.S. Lugovaya, T.O. Azarnova, I.I. Kochish, S.Yu. Zaitsev, M.S. Naidensky, A.A. Antipov

Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 23, ul. Akademika K.I. Skryabina, Moscow, 109472 Russia, e-mail ine98@ya.ru (✉ corresponding author), azarena@list.ru, zoo-kafedra@yandex.ru, szaitsev@mail.ru, axis83@mail.ru

ORCID:
Lugovaya I.S. orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-7070
Zaitsev S.Yu. orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-8680
Azarnova T.O. orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-7603
Naidensky M.S. orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-1619
Kochish I.I. orcid.org/0000-0001-8892-9858
Antipov A.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-9667-7029

Received January 22, 2018

 

Industrial incubation of eggs accompanied by various stresses often leads to early embryonic death. For this reason, the ecologically safe methods to prevent negative stressful effects in embryogenesis are still important. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of natural metabolites on the histological structure of the Bursa fabricii and general resistance of chickens. Studies were performed on eggs of egg cross Shaver 2000 chickens (Gallus gallus) (Enterprise “Ptichnoe”, Moscow Province, 2011). 3-4 hours before the eggs were put into the incubator, their shells were treated with an aqueous solution of ethanolamine (colamine), succinic acid and serine (0.1; 0.1 and 0.2 %, respectively) using a spray gun, and on day 19 of incubation 0.1 % aqueous colamine solution was applied. The preparations were pre-dissolved in distilled water at 18-22 °C. The untreated eggs serve as control. Each batch included 544 eggs. The recorded indicators were hatching rates, hatchability and incubation losses, also blood samples were collected to determine the content of immunoglobulins, lysozyme activity and bactericidal activity. Bursa fabricii was collected for histological analysis (n = 5) from chickens aged one day. Transovarian treatment of eggs with a complex of biologically active substances containing ethanolamine, succinic acid and serine has positively influenced the viability of embryos and young hens due to leveling of oxidative stress reactions and stimulation of the central components of resistance, i.e. the immune response and non-specific defense of chicks aged one day. Ethanolamine turns into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and serine is metabolized into phosphatidylserine, which are able to neutralize the destruction of cell membranes inevitably arising under free-radical oxidation. Succinic acid, an energy substrate and an antihypoxant, contributes to prevention of the lack of energy (the lack of ATP) in the body, which occurs during critical periods of chick embryogenesis. Applied biologically active substances can optimize the embryo’s living conditions during incubation accompanied by technological stresses. The higher viability of chicks of the test group resulted in a decrease of all incubation loss categories with an increase in the chick hatching values and egg hatchability. The content of immunoglobulins responsible for the primary and secondary immune response also increased, which is a demonstration of the immunomodulatory action of the composition used. Immunoglobulin E level remained unchanged, which indicates the absence of hypersensitivity reactions. Ethanolamine, succinic acid and serine also promoted the activation of non-specific defense factors, i.e. blood bactericidal activity and lysozyme, which increased in the test group of chicks too. We also revealed that the composition of biologically active substances positively influence the histoarchitecture of the bursal sac in chicks of the test group, which was confirmed by our histological data. In this, signs of physiological intracellular hyperplasia, as well as the absence of involution processes in the organ have been noted. As the aftereffect of the composition use, the viability of young chicks during the first 60 days of growing increased due to the reduction in mortality. Thus, ethanolamine, succinic acid and serine can prevent oxidative stress and also have a positive effect on general resistance in egg chicks.

Keywords: chicks, embryogenesis, antioxidants, lipoperoxidation, active immunity, bursal sac, chick hatching, ethanolamine, succinic acid, serine.

 

 

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